Ion Migration in Two-Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Heterostructures: Interface Evolution, Migration Mechanisms and Device Implications.

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Title: Ion Migration in Two-Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Heterostructures: Interface Evolution, Migration Mechanisms and Device Implications.
Authors: Weng, Zhendong1,2 (AUTHOR), Liu, Junxiong2,3 (AUTHOR), Liu, Kexin3 (AUTHOR), Zhou, Yingjie1,3 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Yaqi2,3 (AUTHOR), Yang, Muzi2,3 (AUTHOR), Chen, Jian2 (AUTHOR), Xie, Weiguang3 (AUTHOR) wgxie@email.jnu.edu.cn
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Jun2026, Vol. 16 Issue 11, p696. 22p.
Subjects: Heterostructures, Interface dynamics, Perovskite analysis, Perovskite crystallography, Ion migration & velocity, Migration reactions (Chemistry)
Abstract: Two-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite (2D-OIHP) heterostructures provide a versatile platform for crystal engineering because their composition, dimensionality, excitonic structure and interfacial energy alignment can be tuned at the molecular level. However, the same ionic softness that enables facile chemical transformation also leads to ion migration under thermal, electrical and optical stimuli. In 2D-OIHP heterostructures, ion migration is not only a degradation pathway; it determines whether a heterointerface remains sharp, becomes compositionally graded, evolves into a mixed-halide alloy, or forms a bias-programmed functional junction. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding ion migration in 2D-OIHP-based heterostructures, with emphasis on migration species, driving forces, pathways and interface evolution. We first classify representative fabrication strategies according to the initial interface profiles they generate. We then discuss thermally driven in-plane and out-of-plane halide migration, spacer-cation engineering for suppressing interdiffusion, and electric-field-induced directional migration in functional devices. Finally, we extract design rules and unresolved challenges for achieving stable, sharp or dynamically programmable perovskite heterostructures. The aim is to provide a mechanistic framework for using ion migration as both a stability criterion and a crystal-engineering tool in layered hybrid perovskites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Ion Migration in Two-Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Heterostructures: Interface Evolution, Migration Mechanisms and Device Implications.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 16 Issue 11, p696. 22p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heterostructures%22">Heterostructures</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interface+dynamics%22">Interface dynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Perovskite+analysis%22">Perovskite analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Perovskite+crystallography%22">Perovskite crystallography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ion+migration+%26+velocity%22">Ion migration & velocity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Migration+reactions+%28Chemistry%29%22">Migration reactions (Chemistry)</searchLink>
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  Data: Two-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite (2D-OIHP) heterostructures provide a versatile platform for crystal engineering because their composition, dimensionality, excitonic structure and interfacial energy alignment can be tuned at the molecular level. However, the same ionic softness that enables facile chemical transformation also leads to ion migration under thermal, electrical and optical stimuli. In 2D-OIHP heterostructures, ion migration is not only a degradation pathway; it determines whether a heterointerface remains sharp, becomes compositionally graded, evolves into a mixed-halide alloy, or forms a bias-programmed functional junction. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding ion migration in 2D-OIHP-based heterostructures, with emphasis on migration species, driving forces, pathways and interface evolution. We first classify representative fabrication strategies according to the initial interface profiles they generate. We then discuss thermally driven in-plane and out-of-plane halide migration, spacer-cation engineering for suppressing interdiffusion, and electric-field-induced directional migration in functional devices. Finally, we extract design rules and unresolved challenges for achieving stable, sharp or dynamically programmable perovskite heterostructures. The aim is to provide a mechanistic framework for using ion migration as both a stability criterion and a crystal-engineering tool in layered hybrid perovskites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/nano16110696
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 22
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      – SubjectFull: Heterostructures
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interface dynamics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Perovskite analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Perovskite crystallography
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ion migration & velocity
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      – SubjectFull: Migration reactions (Chemistry)
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      – TitleFull: Ion Migration in Two-Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Heterostructures: Interface Evolution, Migration Mechanisms and Device Implications.
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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