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The Dirac oscillator in the curved spacetime of a cloud of strings.

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Title: The Dirac oscillator in the curved spacetime of a cloud of strings.
Authors: Oliveira, R. R. S.1 (AUTHOR) rubensrso@fisica.ufc.br
Source: European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields. May2026, Vol. 86 Issue 5, p1-21. 21p.
Subjects: Curved spacetime, Cosmic strings, Quantum numbers, Quantum states, Whittaker functions, Harmonic oscillators
Abstract: In this paper, we determine the relativistic bound-state solutions for the Dirac oscillator (DO) in the curved spacetime of a cloud of strings in (3 + 1) -dimensions, where such solutions are given by the four-component normalized Dirac spinor and by the relativistic energy spectrum. However, unlike literature, here, we work with the spacetime in two different forms/configurations, that is, both in its original form and in its modified form. To achieve our objective, we work with the curved DO in spherical coordinates, where we use the tetrad formalism. So, by defining a stationary ansatz for the spinor, we obtain two coupled first-order differential equations, and by substituting one equation into the other, we obtain a second-order differential equation. To analytically and exactly solve this differential equation, we use a change of function and of variable. From this, we obtain the well-known Whittaker equation, whose solution is the Whittaker function. Consequently, we obtain the energy spectrum, which is quantized in terms of the radial quantum number n and the angular quantum number κ , and explicitly depends on the angular frequency ω (describes the DO), curvature parameter a (describes the cloud of strings), and on the effective rest mass m eff (describes the rest mass modified by the curvature of spacetime). Besides, we graphically analyze the behavior of the spectrum as a function of ω and a for three different values of n and κ , as well as the behavior of the radial probability density for four different values of κ , ω , and a (with n = 0 ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: The Dirac oscillator in the curved spacetime of a cloud of strings.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Oliveira%2C+R%2E+R%2E+S%2E%22">Oliveira, R. R. S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> rubensrso@fisica.ufc.br</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Physical+Journal+C+--+Particles+%26+Fields%22">European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 86 Issue 5, p1-21. 21p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Curved+spacetime%22">Curved spacetime</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cosmic+strings%22">Cosmic strings</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantum+numbers%22">Quantum numbers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantum+states%22">Quantum states</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Whittaker+functions%22">Whittaker functions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Harmonic+oscillators%22">Harmonic oscillators</searchLink>
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  Data: In this paper, we determine the relativistic bound-state solutions for the Dirac oscillator (DO) in the curved spacetime of a cloud of strings in (3 + 1) -dimensions, where such solutions are given by the four-component normalized Dirac spinor and by the relativistic energy spectrum. However, unlike literature, here, we work with the spacetime in two different forms/configurations, that is, both in its original form and in its modified form. To achieve our objective, we work with the curved DO in spherical coordinates, where we use the tetrad formalism. So, by defining a stationary ansatz for the spinor, we obtain two coupled first-order differential equations, and by substituting one equation into the other, we obtain a second-order differential equation. To analytically and exactly solve this differential equation, we use a change of function and of variable. From this, we obtain the well-known Whittaker equation, whose solution is the Whittaker function. Consequently, we obtain the energy spectrum, which is quantized in terms of the radial quantum number n and the angular quantum number κ , and explicitly depends on the angular frequency ω (describes the DO), curvature parameter a (describes the cloud of strings), and on the effective rest mass m eff (describes the rest mass modified by the curvature of spacetime). Besides, we graphically analyze the behavior of the spectrum as a function of ω and a for three different values of n and κ , as well as the behavior of the radial probability density for four different values of κ , ω , and a (with n = 0 ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15396-7
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Quantum numbers
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      – SubjectFull: Whittaker functions
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              Text: May2026
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