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Charged particles orbiting black hole mimickers with dipole magnetosphere.

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Title: Charged particles orbiting black hole mimickers with dipole magnetosphere.
Authors: Stuchlík, Zdeněk1 (AUTHOR) zdenek.stuchlik@physics.slu.cz, Vrba, Jaroslav1 (AUTHOR) jaroslav.vrba@physics.slu.cz, Tursunov, Arman1 (AUTHOR) arman.tursunov@physics.slu.cz
Source: European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields. May2026, Vol. 86 Issue 5, p1-52. 52p.
Subjects: Orbits (Astronomy), Compact objects (Astronomy), Lorentz force, Chaos theory, Magnetic dipoles, Ionized gases
Abstract: We investigate the dynamics of charged test particles in the vicinity of magnetized black hole mimickers, such as gravastars, wormholes, and ultracompact Buchdahl stars, modeled by a Schwarzschild spacetime with an external dipole magnetic field originating inside the mimicker. The interaction between gravity and electromagnetism is characterized by a single dimensionless "magnetic" parameter b that controls the relative strength and orientation of the Lorentz force. We provide a complete classification of equatorial and off-equatorial circular orbits across all regimes of the magnetic parameter, with particular emphasis on the strong-field region below the photon sphere. We show that stable off-equatorial circular orbits arise only under magnetic repulsion and originate at the radii where equatorial orbits become marginally unstable to vertical perturbations. Remarkably, such off-equatorial orbits can remain stable even inside the photon sphere, preventing direct particle infall as in geodesic motion. We further analyze epicyclic oscillations around stable orbits and discuss their relevance for high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations observed in many black hole systems. Outside the regime of regular oscillations, we study chaotic charged particle motion in belts concentrated around off-equatorial circular orbits, including the effects of radiative back-reaction, which may be relevant to coronae around accretion disks. Finally, we study the ionization of initially Keplerian disks and demonstrate qualitatively different dynamical outcomes for magnetically repelled and attracted particles. We present possible observational signatures of the considered black hole mimickers, most notably the existence of a high-energy particle repulsive barrier located under the photon sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Charged particles orbiting black hole mimickers with dipole magnetosphere.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stuchlík%2C+Zdeněk%22">Stuchlík, Zdeněk</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zdenek.stuchlik@physics.slu.cz</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vrba%2C+Jaroslav%22">Vrba, Jaroslav</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> jaroslav.vrba@physics.slu.cz</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tursunov%2C+Arman%22">Tursunov, Arman</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> arman.tursunov@physics.slu.cz</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Physical+Journal+C+--+Particles+%26+Fields%22">European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 86 Issue 5, p1-52. 52p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Orbits+%28Astronomy%29%22">Orbits (Astronomy)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Compact+objects+%28Astronomy%29%22">Compact objects (Astronomy)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lorentz+force%22">Lorentz force</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chaos+theory%22">Chaos theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+dipoles%22">Magnetic dipoles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ionized+gases%22">Ionized gases</searchLink>
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  Data: We investigate the dynamics of charged test particles in the vicinity of magnetized black hole mimickers, such as gravastars, wormholes, and ultracompact Buchdahl stars, modeled by a Schwarzschild spacetime with an external dipole magnetic field originating inside the mimicker. The interaction between gravity and electromagnetism is characterized by a single dimensionless "magnetic" parameter b that controls the relative strength and orientation of the Lorentz force. We provide a complete classification of equatorial and off-equatorial circular orbits across all regimes of the magnetic parameter, with particular emphasis on the strong-field region below the photon sphere. We show that stable off-equatorial circular orbits arise only under magnetic repulsion and originate at the radii where equatorial orbits become marginally unstable to vertical perturbations. Remarkably, such off-equatorial orbits can remain stable even inside the photon sphere, preventing direct particle infall as in geodesic motion. We further analyze epicyclic oscillations around stable orbits and discuss their relevance for high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations observed in many black hole systems. Outside the regime of regular oscillations, we study chaotic charged particle motion in belts concentrated around off-equatorial circular orbits, including the effects of radiative back-reaction, which may be relevant to coronae around accretion disks. Finally, we study the ionization of initially Keplerian disks and demonstrate qualitatively different dynamical outcomes for magnetically repelled and attracted particles. We present possible observational signatures of the considered black hole mimickers, most notably the existence of a high-energy particle repulsive barrier located under the photon sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15731-y
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Orbits (Astronomy)
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      – SubjectFull: Compact objects (Astronomy)
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      – SubjectFull: Lorentz force
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      – SubjectFull: Magnetic dipoles
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      – SubjectFull: Ionized gases
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Charged particles orbiting black hole mimickers with dipole magnetosphere.
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            NameFull: Vrba, Jaroslav
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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