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A fabrication process for bimetallic wear-resistant clad billets via casting and forging.

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Title: A fabrication process for bimetallic wear-resistant clad billets via casting and forging.
Authors: Xu, Xin1 (AUTHOR), Jing, Yu-an1 (AUTHOR) jyachina@163.com, Ma, Xu1 (AUTHOR), Yu, Weida1 (AUTHOR), Liu, liangfei1 (AUTHOR), Zang, Ximin1 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. Jun2026, Vol. 144 Issue 9/10, p6711-6725. 15p.
Subjects: Forging (Manufacturing process), Metal bonding, Shear strength, Solidification
Abstract: Bimetallic wear-resistant clad pipes are widely used in fluid transportation applications such as mud and ore due to their combination of high toughness and wear resistance. In the paper, a clad casting and forging process is proposed to fabricate Q235/GCr15 wear-resistant clad pipe billet. The ProCAST software is used to simulate the solidification behavior of clad casting to optimize the technique. A clad round ingot was prepared by pouring molten carbon steel around GCr15 steel core rod. The ingot was subsequently forged into a clad pipe billet under a total cross-sectional reduction ratio of 55.6% in the experiment. Examination of interfacial morphologies, solidification microstructures and shear strength revealed that a metallurgical bond formed at the ingot interface via liquid–solid fusion and elemental diffusion. The interfacial shear strength attains 221.7 MPa in the as-cast condition and increases to 421.5 MPa after forging. A decarburization zone appears on the GCr15 steel side and a carburization zone forms on the Q235 steel side. The clad billet is suitable for piercing to produce bimetallic wear-resistant clad pipe in subsequent steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 194640947
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: A fabrication process for bimetallic wear-resistant clad billets via casting and forging.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Xin%22">Xu, Xin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jing%2C+Yu-an%22">Jing, Yu-an</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> jyachina@163.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ma%2C+Xu%22">Ma, Xu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yu%2C+Weida%22">Yu, Weida</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+liangfei%22">Liu, liangfei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zang%2C+Ximin%22">Zang, Ximin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Advanced+Manufacturing+Technology%22">International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 144 Issue 9/10, p6711-6725. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forging+%28Manufacturing+process%29%22">Forging (Manufacturing process)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metal+bonding%22">Metal bonding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Shear+strength%22">Shear strength</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solidification%22">Solidification</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Bimetallic wear-resistant clad pipes are widely used in fluid transportation applications such as mud and ore due to their combination of high toughness and wear resistance. In the paper, a clad casting and forging process is proposed to fabricate Q235/GCr15 wear-resistant clad pipe billet. The ProCAST software is used to simulate the solidification behavior of clad casting to optimize the technique. A clad round ingot was prepared by pouring molten carbon steel around GCr15 steel core rod. The ingot was subsequently forged into a clad pipe billet under a total cross-sectional reduction ratio of 55.6% in the experiment. Examination of interfacial morphologies, solidification microstructures and shear strength revealed that a metallurgical bond formed at the ingot interface via liquid–solid fusion and elemental diffusion. The interfacial shear strength attains 221.7 MPa in the as-cast condition and increases to 421.5 MPa after forging. A decarburization zone appears on the GCr15 steel side and a carburization zone forms on the Q235 steel side. The clad billet is suitable for piercing to produce bimetallic wear-resistant clad pipe in subsequent steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s00170-026-18087-5
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metal bonding
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      – SubjectFull: Shear strength
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      – SubjectFull: Solidification
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              Text: Jun2026
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              Y: 2026
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