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EFFECT OF FUEL INJECTION ON EMISSIONS OF DIESEL ENGINE FUELED WITH WASTE COOKING OIL BIODIESEL PRODUCED BY ULTRASONIC TRANSESTERIFICATION.

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Title: EFFECT OF FUEL INJECTION ON EMISSIONS OF DIESEL ENGINE FUELED WITH WASTE COOKING OIL BIODIESEL PRODUCED BY ULTRASONIC TRANSESTERIFICATION.
Authors: MAKSUM, Hasan1 hasan@ft.unp.ac.id, PURWANTO, Wawan1, Rifdarmon1, ARIF, Ahmad1, Andrizal1, HASAN, Hanapi2, FIRMANSYAH, Sadly M.1
Source: Thermal Science. 2026, Vol. 30 Issue 3B, p2183-2194. 12p.
Subjects: Biodiesel fuels, Transesterification, Abatement (Atmospheric chemistry), Flue gas analysis, Diesel automobile emissions, Fuel injection systems in automobiles
Abstract: This study aimed to examine effect of injection timing on the use of biodiesel fuel from waste cooking oil processed with ultrasonic transesterification technology on exhaust emissions of Diesel engine. Several variations of injection timing were applied to evaluate their impact on exhaust gas characteristics and engine emissions. Engine was run at a constant speed of 2400 rpm with standard injection timing (17° CA bTDC), advanced at an angle of 3° and 6° CA (20° and 23° CA bTDC), followed by retardation at 3° and 6° CA (14° and 11° CA bTDC). The results showed that the standard injection timing of 17° CA bTDC provided optimal performance with an exaust gas temperature (EGT) of approximately 250 °C at B10. Advancing injection timing increased the EGT to 320 °C but reduced CO and UHC emissions by 11.11% and 26.30%, respectively. However, there was a significant increase in smoke opacity emissions and NOx by 14.58% and 31.1%, respectively. The retardation in injection timing decreased EGT to 220 °C as well as increased CO, UHC, and smoke opacity emissions, with NOx rising by 10.4%. These results showed that ultrasonic transesterification technology produced high quality biodiesel with better combustion characteristics. Meanwhile, increasing biodiesel content (B20-B100) tended to cause a rise in NOx emissions due to higher oxygen content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Thermal Science is the property of Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: EFFECT OF FUEL INJECTION ON EMISSIONS OF DIESEL ENGINE FUELED WITH WASTE COOKING OIL BIODIESEL PRODUCED BY ULTRASONIC TRANSESTERIFICATION.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22MAKSUM%2C+Hasan%22">MAKSUM, Hasan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> hasan@ft.unp.ac.id</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22PURWANTO%2C+Wawan%22">PURWANTO, Wawan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rifdarmon%22">Rifdarmon</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22ARIF%2C+Ahmad%22">ARIF, Ahmad</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Andrizal%22">Andrizal</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22HASAN%2C+Hanapi%22">HASAN, Hanapi</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22FIRMANSYAH%2C+Sadly+M%2E%22">FIRMANSYAH, Sadly M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Thermal+Science%22">Thermal Science</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 30 Issue 3B, p2183-2194. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biodiesel+fuels%22">Biodiesel fuels</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transesterification%22">Transesterification</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Abatement+%28Atmospheric+chemistry%29%22">Abatement (Atmospheric chemistry)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Flue+gas+analysis%22">Flue gas analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diesel+automobile+emissions%22">Diesel automobile emissions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fuel+injection+systems+in+automobiles%22">Fuel injection systems in automobiles</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study aimed to examine effect of injection timing on the use of biodiesel fuel from waste cooking oil processed with ultrasonic transesterification technology on exhaust emissions of Diesel engine. Several variations of injection timing were applied to evaluate their impact on exhaust gas characteristics and engine emissions. Engine was run at a constant speed of 2400 rpm with standard injection timing (17° CA bTDC), advanced at an angle of 3° and 6° CA (20° and 23° CA bTDC), followed by retardation at 3° and 6° CA (14° and 11° CA bTDC). The results showed that the standard injection timing of 17° CA bTDC provided optimal performance with an exaust gas temperature (EGT) of approximately 250 °C at B10. Advancing injection timing increased the EGT to 320 °C but reduced CO and UHC emissions by 11.11% and 26.30%, respectively. However, there was a significant increase in smoke opacity emissions and NOx by 14.58% and 31.1%, respectively. The retardation in injection timing decreased EGT to 220 °C as well as increased CO, UHC, and smoke opacity emissions, with NOx rising by 10.4%. These results showed that ultrasonic transesterification technology produced high quality biodiesel with better combustion characteristics. Meanwhile, increasing biodiesel content (B20-B100) tended to cause a rise in NOx emissions due to higher oxygen content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Thermal Science is the property of Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.2298/TSCI250325002M
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Biodiesel fuels
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Transesterification
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Abatement (Atmospheric chemistry)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Flue gas analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Diesel automobile emissions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fuel injection systems in automobiles
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: EFFECT OF FUEL INJECTION ON EMISSIONS OF DIESEL ENGINE FUELED WITH WASTE COOKING OIL BIODIESEL PRODUCED BY ULTRASONIC TRANSESTERIFICATION.
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            NameFull: MAKSUM, Hasan
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              Text: 2026
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