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A new web-based tool for galactic cosmic rays in the heliosphere.

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Title: A new web-based tool for galactic cosmic rays in the heliosphere.
Authors: Puzzoni, Eleonora1,2 (AUTHOR) Eleonora.Puzzoni@oca.eu, Giacalone, Joe2 (AUTHOR) giacalon@arizona.edu, Sosa, Joshua2 (AUTHOR) styx@arizona.edu, Kóta, József2 (AUTHOR) jkota@arizona.edu, Opher, Merav3 (AUTHOR) mopher@bu.edu, Sokół, Justyna M.4 (AUTHOR) justyna.sokol@swri.org
Source: Advances in Space Research. Jul2026, Vol. 78 Issue 2, p1669-1683. 15p.
Subjects: Galactic cosmic rays, Heliosphere, Transport equation, Radiation protection, Space environment, Web-based user interfaces
Abstract: Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) play a critical role in space weather forecasting and radiation hazard assessment for deep space missions. Accurate modeling of GCR flux throughout the heliosphere is therefore crucial. This paper describes the physical model and the functionality of a new user-friendly web-based tool designed to rapidly estimate the energy spectrum and flux of GCRs using minimal user input such as radial distance, time, and energy. The tool is based on the force-field approximation to the Parker transport equation and incorporates solar modulation via the correlation between GCRs and the mean sunspot number. Compared to existing Monte Carlo or finite-difference-based models which include a more physically realistic model of the heliosphere, this simpler 1D spherical model offers significant advantages in computational speed and ease of use. The tool is validated against spacecraft data from Voyager 1, Voyager 2, and New Horizons, and is capable of projecting future GCR spectra and fluxes based on sunspot number predictions. The key aim is to provide a very rapid estimate of GCR properties using a physics-based model that is constructed to fit as many data sets as possible. The tool will continue to be modified as new data sets are added, with the platform also serving as a data repository. Designed for both researchers and the general public, the platform also serves as an educational resource on GCRs and heliospheric physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 194701190
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: A new web-based tool for galactic cosmic rays in the heliosphere.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Puzzoni%2C+Eleonora%22">Puzzoni, Eleonora</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> Eleonora.Puzzoni@oca.eu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Giacalone%2C+Joe%22">Giacalone, Joe</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> giacalon@arizona.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sosa%2C+Joshua%22">Sosa, Joshua</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> styx@arizona.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kóta%2C+József%22">Kóta, József</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> jkota@arizona.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Opher%2C+Merav%22">Opher, Merav</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mopher@bu.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sokół%2C+Justyna+M%2E%22">Sokół, Justyna M.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> justyna.sokol@swri.org</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Advances+in+Space+Research%22">Advances in Space Research</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 78 Issue 2, p1669-1683. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Galactic+cosmic+rays%22">Galactic cosmic rays</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heliosphere%22">Heliosphere</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transport+equation%22">Transport equation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radiation+protection%22">Radiation protection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Space+environment%22">Space environment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Web-based+user+interfaces%22">Web-based user interfaces</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) play a critical role in space weather forecasting and radiation hazard assessment for deep space missions. Accurate modeling of GCR flux throughout the heliosphere is therefore crucial. This paper describes the physical model and the functionality of a new user-friendly web-based tool designed to rapidly estimate the energy spectrum and flux of GCRs using minimal user input such as radial distance, time, and energy. The tool is based on the force-field approximation to the Parker transport equation and incorporates solar modulation via the correlation between GCRs and the mean sunspot number. Compared to existing Monte Carlo or finite-difference-based models which include a more physically realistic model of the heliosphere, this simpler 1D spherical model offers significant advantages in computational speed and ease of use. The tool is validated against spacecraft data from Voyager 1, Voyager 2, and New Horizons, and is capable of projecting future GCR spectra and fluxes based on sunspot number predictions. The key aim is to provide a very rapid estimate of GCR properties using a physics-based model that is constructed to fit as many data sets as possible. The tool will continue to be modified as new data sets are added, with the platform also serving as a data repository. Designed for both researchers and the general public, the platform also serves as an educational resource on GCRs and heliospheric physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.asr.2026.04.121
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
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      – SubjectFull: Galactic cosmic rays
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heliosphere
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Transport equation
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      – SubjectFull: Radiation protection
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      – SubjectFull: Space environment
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      – SubjectFull: Web-based user interfaces
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      – TitleFull: A new web-based tool for galactic cosmic rays in the heliosphere.
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              Text: Jul2026
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              Y: 2026
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