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Conductive grout with multiwalled carbon nanotubes for water cut-off self-monitoring in underground tunnels.

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Title: Conductive grout with multiwalled carbon nanotubes for water cut-off self-monitoring in underground tunnels.
Authors: Lee, Seung-Jung1,2 (AUTHOR), Park, Jeongjun3 (AUTHOR) jjpark@krri.re.kr, Sung, Jihye1 (AUTHOR), Kim, Byung-Kyu3 (AUTHOR), Lee, Hee Up3 (AUTHOR), You, Ilhwan4 (AUTHOR) ih-you@jbnu.ac.kr
Source: Nondestructive Testing & Evaluation. Jul2026, Vol. 41 Issue 7, p4090-4111. 22p.
Subjects: Multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Grouting, Rock bolts, Tunnels, Water seepage, Electrical resistivity
Abstract: In underwater and underground tunnels, grouting methods are used to prevent water inflow. However, the effectiveness of water infiltration blocking is difficult to verify after construction, and the long-term performance of grout in terms of water tightness is hard to assess. This study proposes a technology for monitoring the water infiltration capacity of grout that incorporates multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as conductive nanomaterials. Grout containing conductive nanomaterials exhibits lower resistance compared with conventional grout, facilitating electrical flow and enabling the detection of water infiltrating the grouted area. MWCNTs-incorporated grout specimens were fabricated to analyse their electrical characteristics during water infiltration. According to electrical resistivity tests, the optimal amount of MWCNTs incorporated into the grout was 1.0%. A quadratic relationship was established through water infiltration tests with different residual depths and spacings of electrodes. Additionally, multiple regression analysis was performed to express the relationship between the water detection time, electrode residual depth, and electrode spacing in a functional form. This enables the calculation of the appropriate residual depth and spacing of electrodes based on the desired water detection time. This study proposes an efficient water detection configuration using rock bolts for grout reinforced system in a tunnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nondestructive Testing & Evaluation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 194726157
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Conductive grout with multiwalled carbon nanotubes for water cut-off self-monitoring in underground tunnels.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lee%2C+Seung-Jung%22">Lee, Seung-Jung</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Park%2C+Jeongjun%22">Park, Jeongjun</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> jjpark@krri.re.kr</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sung%2C+Jihye%22">Sung, Jihye</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim%2C+Byung-Kyu%22">Kim, Byung-Kyu</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lee%2C+Hee+Up%22">Lee, Hee Up</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22You%2C+Ilhwan%22">You, Ilhwan</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ih-you@jbnu.ac.kr</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nondestructive+Testing+%26+Evaluation%22">Nondestructive Testing & Evaluation</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 41 Issue 7, p4090-4111. 22p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multiwalled+carbon+nanotubes%22">Multiwalled carbon nanotubes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grouting%22">Grouting</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rock+bolts%22">Rock bolts</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tunnels%22">Tunnels</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Water+seepage%22">Water seepage</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrical+resistivity%22">Electrical resistivity</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: In underwater and underground tunnels, grouting methods are used to prevent water inflow. However, the effectiveness of water infiltration blocking is difficult to verify after construction, and the long-term performance of grout in terms of water tightness is hard to assess. This study proposes a technology for monitoring the water infiltration capacity of grout that incorporates multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as conductive nanomaterials. Grout containing conductive nanomaterials exhibits lower resistance compared with conventional grout, facilitating electrical flow and enabling the detection of water infiltrating the grouted area. MWCNTs-incorporated grout specimens were fabricated to analyse their electrical characteristics during water infiltration. According to electrical resistivity tests, the optimal amount of MWCNTs incorporated into the grout was 1.0%. A quadratic relationship was established through water infiltration tests with different residual depths and spacings of electrodes. Additionally, multiple regression analysis was performed to express the relationship between the water detection time, electrode residual depth, and electrode spacing in a functional form. This enables the calculation of the appropriate residual depth and spacing of electrodes based on the desired water detection time. This study proposes an efficient water detection configuration using rock bolts for grout reinforced system in a tunnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nondestructive Testing & Evaluation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/10589759.2025.2491741
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 22
        StartPage: 4090
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Multiwalled carbon nanotubes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grouting
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rock bolts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tunnels
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Water seepage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electrical resistivity
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Conductive grout with multiwalled carbon nanotubes for water cut-off self-monitoring in underground tunnels.
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Lee, Seung-Jung
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          Name:
            NameFull: Park, Jeongjun
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            NameFull: Sung, Jihye
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            NameFull: Kim, Byung-Kyu
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Lee, Hee Up
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            NameFull: You, Ilhwan
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            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 41
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