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Distinct grain refinement and phase evolution in laser-clad AlTiZr-based coatings reinforced with Y2O3 and SiC on pure zirconium.

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Title: Distinct grain refinement and phase evolution in laser-clad AlTiZr-based coatings reinforced with Y2O3 and SiC on pure zirconium.
Authors: Liu, Hongliang1 (AUTHOR), Chai, Linjiang1 (AUTHOR) chailinjiang@cqut.edu.cn, Wang, Yueyuan1 (AUTHOR), Gou, Yinning1 (AUTHOR) gyning@cqut.edu.cn, Zhao, Xiaotong1 (AUTHOR), Dong, Haiyu1 (AUTHOR), Li, Jincheng1 (AUTHOR), Wu, Shaoxin1 (AUTHOR), Duan, Huming2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Applied Surface Science. Nov2026, Vol. 745, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Grain refinement, Silicon carbide, Microhardness, Metal coating, Zirconium, Yttrium oxides, Laser deposition, Phase transitions
Abstract: [Display omitted] • AlTiZr-based coatings reinforced with Y 2 O 3 or SiC were fabricated by laser cladding. • Y 2 O 3 is retained as nanoscale particles without triggering equiaxed grain formation. • SiC decomposes in situ to form dispersed ZrC, promoting strong grain refinement. • Hardness enhancement is governed by different strengthening mechanisms in various coatings. In this study, AlTiZr-based alloy and composite coatings reinforced with Y 2 O 3 or SiC were fabricated on commercially pure zirconium using laser cladding. Particular attention was paid to the distinct roles of oxide and carbide additions in regulating phase constitution, grain morphology and second-phase characteristics under identical laser processing conditions. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy analyses reveal that all coatings are dominated by a body-centered cubic solid-solution phase. The AlTiZr and AlTiZr-Y 2 O 3 coatings exhibit columnar grain structures, whereas the AlTiZr-SiC coating shows a pronounced transition to fine equiaxed grains. Transmission electron microscopy confirms that Y 2 O 3 is retained as uniformly distributed nanoscale particles after laser processing, while the added SiC decomposes and reacts in situ with Zr to form dispersed ZrC particles accompanied by Al–Si enrichment at grain boundaries. EBSD-based grain size statistics and misorientation analyses further quantify the distinct refinement and strain states of the three coatings. Microhardness measurements are correlated with the observed microstructural features, showing a progressive increase from the AlTiZr alloy coating to the SiC-reinforced composite coating. These results demonstrate that Y 2 O 3 and SiC additions influence microstructural evolution through fundamentally different mechanisms and provide insight into tailoring AlTiZr-based laser-clad coatings on zirconium substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Applied Surface Science is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Distinct grain refinement and phase evolution in laser-clad AlTiZr-based coatings reinforced with Y2O3 and SiC on pure zirconium.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Hongliang%22">Liu, Hongliang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chai%2C+Linjiang%22">Chai, Linjiang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> chailinjiang@cqut.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Yueyuan%22">Wang, Yueyuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gou%2C+Yinning%22">Gou, Yinning</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> gyning@cqut.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Xiaotong%22">Zhao, Xiaotong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dong%2C+Haiyu%22">Dong, Haiyu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Jincheng%22">Li, Jincheng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Shaoxin%22">Wu, Shaoxin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Duan%2C+Huming%22">Duan, Huming</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grain+refinement%22">Grain refinement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Silicon+carbide%22">Silicon carbide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microhardness%22">Microhardness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metal+coating%22">Metal coating</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Zirconium%22">Zirconium</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Yttrium+oxides%22">Yttrium oxides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Laser+deposition%22">Laser deposition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase+transitions%22">Phase transitions</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: [Display omitted] • AlTiZr-based coatings reinforced with Y 2 O 3 or SiC were fabricated by laser cladding. • Y 2 O 3 is retained as nanoscale particles without triggering equiaxed grain formation. • SiC decomposes in situ to form dispersed ZrC, promoting strong grain refinement. • Hardness enhancement is governed by different strengthening mechanisms in various coatings. In this study, AlTiZr-based alloy and composite coatings reinforced with Y 2 O 3 or SiC were fabricated on commercially pure zirconium using laser cladding. Particular attention was paid to the distinct roles of oxide and carbide additions in regulating phase constitution, grain morphology and second-phase characteristics under identical laser processing conditions. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy analyses reveal that all coatings are dominated by a body-centered cubic solid-solution phase. The AlTiZr and AlTiZr-Y 2 O 3 coatings exhibit columnar grain structures, whereas the AlTiZr-SiC coating shows a pronounced transition to fine equiaxed grains. Transmission electron microscopy confirms that Y 2 O 3 is retained as uniformly distributed nanoscale particles after laser processing, while the added SiC decomposes and reacts in situ with Zr to form dispersed ZrC particles accompanied by Al–Si enrichment at grain boundaries. EBSD-based grain size statistics and misorientation analyses further quantify the distinct refinement and strain states of the three coatings. Microhardness measurements are correlated with the observed microstructural features, showing a progressive increase from the AlTiZr alloy coating to the SiC-reinforced composite coating. These results demonstrate that Y 2 O 3 and SiC additions influence microstructural evolution through fundamentally different mechanisms and provide insight into tailoring AlTiZr-based laser-clad coatings on zirconium substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Applied Surface Science is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.167258
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Grain refinement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Silicon carbide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microhardness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metal coating
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Zirconium
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Yttrium oxides
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Laser deposition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phase transitions
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      – TitleFull: Distinct grain refinement and phase evolution in laser-clad AlTiZr-based coatings reinforced with Y2O3 and SiC on pure zirconium.
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            NameFull: Liu, Hongliang
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            – D: 01
              M: 11
              Text: Nov2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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