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Modeling of optical modulator based on silicon by using germanium antimony telluride (GST) nanolayer in elliptical cylindrical waveguide structure.

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Title: Modeling of optical modulator based on silicon by using germanium antimony telluride (GST) nanolayer in elliptical cylindrical waveguide structure.
Authors: Abdolghaderi, Senour1 (AUTHOR) s.abdolghaderi@kashanu.ac.ir, Nikoufard, Mahmoud1,2 (AUTHOR) mnik@kashanu.ac.ir
Source: Optical & Quantum Electronics. Jul2026, Vol. 58 Issue 7, p1-18. 18p.
Subjects: Optical modulators, Antimony telluride, Reversible phase transitions, Optical interconnects, Optical waveguides, Integrated optics, Optoelectronics
Abstract: This study introduces a high-performance silicon-based optical modulator that utilizes a germanium-antimony-telluride (GST) nanolayer within an elliptical cylindrical waveguide structure. By exploiting the phase-change dynamics of GST and engineered hybrid and mode confinement, the device achieves an ultralow insertion loss of 0.15 dB, a remarkably high extinction ratio of 30.28 dB at a wavelength of 1550 nm for the fundamental mode. The elliptical geometry enhances light-matter interaction through anisotropic mode confinement while improving thermal management, enabling a data bit rate of via sub- dual-voltage electrothermal actuation (4 V for crystallization, 10 V for amorphization). The switch maintains high energy efficiency, consuming and calculated across the entire device volume. Multiphysics simulations validate the design: the tuned GST thickness () balances the switching speed and optical contrast, while gold electrodes enable localized Joule heating with minimal optical loss (). These advancements position the proposed modulator as a promising candidate for high-speed optical interconnects and programmable photonic circuits, addressing the critical demands for low-loss, high-contrast, and robust integrated photonics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Optical & Quantum Electronics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Optical+%26+Quantum+Electronics%22">Optical & Quantum Electronics</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 58 Issue 7, p1-18. 18p.
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  Data: This study introduces a high-performance silicon-based optical modulator that utilizes a germanium-antimony-telluride (GST) nanolayer within an elliptical cylindrical waveguide structure. By exploiting the phase-change dynamics of GST and engineered hybrid and mode confinement, the device achieves an ultralow insertion loss of 0.15 dB, a remarkably high extinction ratio of 30.28 dB at a wavelength of 1550 nm for the fundamental mode. The elliptical geometry enhances light-matter interaction through anisotropic mode confinement while improving thermal management, enabling a data bit rate of via sub- dual-voltage electrothermal actuation (4 V for crystallization, 10 V for amorphization). The switch maintains high energy efficiency, consuming and calculated across the entire device volume. Multiphysics simulations validate the design: the tuned GST thickness () balances the switching speed and optical contrast, while gold electrodes enable localized Joule heating with minimal optical loss (). These advancements position the proposed modulator as a promising candidate for high-speed optical interconnects and programmable photonic circuits, addressing the critical demands for low-loss, high-contrast, and robust integrated photonics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Optical & Quantum Electronics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s11082-026-08871-8
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Optical modulators
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Antimony telluride
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reversible phase transitions
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      – SubjectFull: Optical interconnects
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      – SubjectFull: Optical waveguides
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      – SubjectFull: Integrated optics
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      – SubjectFull: Optoelectronics
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            NameFull: Abdolghaderi, Senour
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              M: 07
              Text: Jul2026
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              Y: 2026
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