Enhancement of cluster based routing protocol for wireless mesh networks with modified chicken swarm optimization.

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Title: Enhancement of cluster based routing protocol for wireless mesh networks with modified chicken swarm optimization.
Authors: Akande, Damilare O.1 doakande@lautech.edu.ng, Osunniyi, James S.2, Adeyemo, Zachaeus K.1, Fawole, Ayobami. O.3
Source: Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering. Dec2025, Issue 4, p1-11. 11p.
Subjects: Wireless mesh networks, Network routing protocols, Network performance, Energy consumption, Data transmission systems, Load balancing (Computer networks), Swarm intelligence
Abstract: Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) offer a promising approach to pervasive communication with efficient network coverage using minimal infrastructure. However, current WMN routing protocols are inefficient due to high energy consumption. This is caused by limited battery life of nodes, uneven distribution of traffic (load imbalance), and long data transmission distances, all of which shorten network lifetime. This paper proposes a new routing protocol for WMNs called Modified Chicken Swarm Optimization-based Efficient Cluster Head Selection (MCSO-ECHS). The MCSO-ECHS leverages the network gateway to select optimal Cluster Heads (CHs). An objective function, considering both residual energy and node distance, is used for CH selection. The MCSO algorithm then refines the selection process to ensure balanced energy consumption among these energy-constrained nodes. This approach prolongs the network lifetime and improves overall energy efficiency. Simulation results demonstrate that MCSO-ECHS outperforms existing protocols in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime, throughput, end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio, significantly enhancing the energy efficiency of WMNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering is the property of OICC Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Enhancement of cluster based routing protocol for wireless mesh networks with modified chicken swarm optimization.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Akande%2C+Damilare+O%2E%22">Akande, Damilare O.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> doakande@lautech.edu.ng</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Osunniyi%2C+James+S%2E%22">Osunniyi, James S.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adeyemo%2C+Zachaeus+K%2E%22">Adeyemo, Zachaeus K.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fawole%2C+Ayobami%2E+O%2E%22">Fawole, Ayobami. O.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Majlesi+Journal+of+Electrical+Engineering%22">Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering</searchLink>. Dec2025, Issue 4, p1-11. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wireless+mesh+networks%22">Wireless mesh networks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Network+routing+protocols%22">Network routing protocols</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Network+performance%22">Network performance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+consumption%22">Energy consumption</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+transmission+systems%22">Data transmission systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Load+balancing+%28Computer+networks%29%22">Load balancing (Computer networks)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Swarm+intelligence%22">Swarm intelligence</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) offer a promising approach to pervasive communication with efficient network coverage using minimal infrastructure. However, current WMN routing protocols are inefficient due to high energy consumption. This is caused by limited battery life of nodes, uneven distribution of traffic (load imbalance), and long data transmission distances, all of which shorten network lifetime. This paper proposes a new routing protocol for WMNs called Modified Chicken Swarm Optimization-based Efficient Cluster Head Selection (MCSO-ECHS). The MCSO-ECHS leverages the network gateway to select optimal Cluster Heads (CHs). An objective function, considering both residual energy and node distance, is used for CH selection. The MCSO algorithm then refines the selection process to ensure balanced energy consumption among these energy-constrained nodes. This approach prolongs the network lifetime and improves overall energy efficiency. Simulation results demonstrate that MCSO-ECHS outperforms existing protocols in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime, throughput, end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio, significantly enhancing the energy efficiency of WMNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering is the property of OICC Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.57647/j.mjee.2025.18027
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 1
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      – SubjectFull: Wireless mesh networks
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Network routing protocols
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Network performance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy consumption
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data transmission systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Load balancing (Computer networks)
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      – SubjectFull: Swarm intelligence
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Enhancement of cluster based routing protocol for wireless mesh networks with modified chicken swarm optimization.
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            NameFull: Akande, Damilare O.
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            NameFull: Fawole, Ayobami. O.
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              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
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              Y: 2025
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