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Studying the Evolution of TensorFlow Questions on Stack Overflow.

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Title: Studying the Evolution of TensorFlow Questions on Stack Overflow.
Authors: Michael Adebesin, Gbolahan1 (AUTHOR), Sangeeta, Sangeeta1 (AUTHOR) s.sangeeta@keele.ac.uk
Source: Journal of Software: Evolution & Process. Jun2026, Vol. 38 Issue 6, p1-35. 35p.
Subjects: Python programming language, Question & answer websites, Data analysis, Machine learning, Computer software installation, Deep learning, Artificial neural networks
Abstract: Deep learning has revolutionized various fields, including computer vision, natural language processing, and robotics. Python, with its simplicity and extensive libraries, has emerged as one of the primary programming languages for implementing deep learning models, and several frameworks like TensorFlow, Gaffe, and PyTorch are proposed by machine learning communities/companies for Python. TensorFlow is one of the most popular frameworks in Python for deep learning; hence, it is important to investigate the kind of issue that TensorFlow developers face. In this work, we analyzed 105,437 TensorFlow questions from the Stack Overflow website and answered five research questions. Our analysis reveals that, despite a decreasing trend in the number of questions asked, there is a high level of user engagement and satisfaction in the TensorFlow community. Our tag analysis reveals that "python," "Keras," "deep‐learning," "machine‐learning," and "neural‐network" are the top tags associated with TensorFlow questions. We perform topic analysis and reveal four main topics: machine learning and data processing, neural network and architecture, TensorFlow installation and usage, and TensorFlow manipulation and operation. Further analysis reveals that error, model training and prediction, optimization, data loading and preprocessing, and installation and deployment are among the most frequently occurring subtopics. ValueError is the most common error and the model training and prediction subtopic is the most affected by errors. Our analysis reveals that the TensorFlow installation and usage is the most popular and difficult topic. Our study also reveals a high percentage (i.e., 31%) of broken links in TensorFlow questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Software: Evolution & Process is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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  Data: Studying the Evolution of TensorFlow Questions on Stack Overflow.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Python+programming+language%22">Python programming language</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Question+%26+answer+websites%22">Question & answer websites</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis%22">Data analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Machine+learning%22">Machine learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+software+installation%22">Computer software installation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deep+learning%22">Deep learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Artificial+neural+networks%22">Artificial neural networks</searchLink>
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  Data: Deep learning has revolutionized various fields, including computer vision, natural language processing, and robotics. Python, with its simplicity and extensive libraries, has emerged as one of the primary programming languages for implementing deep learning models, and several frameworks like TensorFlow, Gaffe, and PyTorch are proposed by machine learning communities/companies for Python. TensorFlow is one of the most popular frameworks in Python for deep learning; hence, it is important to investigate the kind of issue that TensorFlow developers face. In this work, we analyzed 105,437 TensorFlow questions from the Stack Overflow website and answered five research questions. Our analysis reveals that, despite a decreasing trend in the number of questions asked, there is a high level of user engagement and satisfaction in the TensorFlow community. Our tag analysis reveals that "python," "Keras," "deep‐learning," "machine‐learning," and "neural‐network" are the top tags associated with TensorFlow questions. We perform topic analysis and reveal four main topics: machine learning and data processing, neural network and architecture, TensorFlow installation and usage, and TensorFlow manipulation and operation. Further analysis reveals that error, model training and prediction, optimization, data loading and preprocessing, and installation and deployment are among the most frequently occurring subtopics. ValueError is the most common error and the model training and prediction subtopic is the most affected by errors. Our analysis reveals that the TensorFlow installation and usage is the most popular and difficult topic. Our study also reveals a high percentage (i.e., 31%) of broken links in TensorFlow questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Software: Evolution & Process is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=194811395
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.1002/smr.70140
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 35
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      – SubjectFull: Python programming language
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Question & answer websites
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Machine learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computer software installation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Deep learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Artificial neural networks
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      – TitleFull: Studying the Evolution of TensorFlow Questions on Stack Overflow.
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            NameFull: Michael Adebesin, Gbolahan
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            NameFull: Sangeeta, Sangeeta
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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