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Microstructural, mechanical, and wear behavior of hydroxyapatite-based composite coatings on magnesium alloy.

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Title: Microstructural, mechanical, and wear behavior of hydroxyapatite-based composite coatings on magnesium alloy.
Authors: Kumar, Sumit1 (AUTHOR), Seshagiri, Ravada2 (AUTHOR), Kumari, Renu1 (AUTHOR) renu.met@nitjsr.ac.in
Source: Surface Engineering. May2026, Vol. 42 Issue 5, p572-581. 10p.
Abstract: Biodegradable magnesium alloys are promising materials for temporary orthopedic implants, but their clinical performance is often compromised by poor tribological behavior. During implant insertion and post-operative micromotion, friction and fretting wear can generate debris and accelerate local material degradation, leading to premature mechanical failure. In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAp) and a ternary HAp–Al2O3–TiO2 composite coating were deposited on Mg–1 wt% Ca alloy via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and systematically compared to elucidate microstructure–mechanical–tribological relationships. SEM revealed a porous morphology for HAp, whereas the composite coating exhibited a denser and more uniform structure; EDS and XRD confirmed successful incorporation of Al2O3 and TiO2 into the HAp matrix. The composite coating significantly improved hardness, Young's modulus, and adhesion strength (0.39 GPa, 10.07 GPa, and 9.49 MPa) compared with HAp alone (0.23 GPa, 7.48 GPa, and 7.48 MPa). Under identical fretting conditions, the composite achieved a lower specific wear rate (1.52 × 10−3 mm3/N·m) than HAp (1.74 × 10−3 mm3/N·m). The novelty of this work lies in demonstrating a tribology-driven composite coating strategy for magnesium-based implants, moving beyond corrosion-focused surface modifications and directly addressing wear-related degradation relevant to in vivo mechanical loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Surface Engineering is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Microstructural, mechanical, and wear behavior of hydroxyapatite-based composite coatings on magnesium alloy.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kumar%2C+Sumit%22">Kumar, Sumit</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Seshagiri%2C+Ravada%22">Seshagiri, Ravada</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kumari%2C+Renu%22">Kumari, Renu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> renu.met@nitjsr.ac.in</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Surface+Engineering%22">Surface Engineering</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 42 Issue 5, p572-581. 10p.
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Biodegradable magnesium alloys are promising materials for temporary orthopedic implants, but their clinical performance is often compromised by poor tribological behavior. During implant insertion and post-operative micromotion, friction and fretting wear can generate debris and accelerate local material degradation, leading to premature mechanical failure. In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAp) and a ternary HAp–Al2O3–TiO2 composite coating were deposited on Mg–1 wt% Ca alloy via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and systematically compared to elucidate microstructure–mechanical–tribological relationships. SEM revealed a porous morphology for HAp, whereas the composite coating exhibited a denser and more uniform structure; EDS and XRD confirmed successful incorporation of Al2O3 and TiO2 into the HAp matrix. The composite coating significantly improved hardness, Young's modulus, and adhesion strength (0.39 GPa, 10.07 GPa, and 9.49 MPa) compared with HAp alone (0.23 GPa, 7.48 GPa, and 7.48 MPa). Under identical fretting conditions, the composite achieved a lower specific wear rate (1.52 × 10−3 mm3/N·m) than HAp (1.74 × 10−3 mm3/N·m). The novelty of this work lies in demonstrating a tribology-driven composite coating strategy for magnesium-based implants, moving beyond corrosion-focused surface modifications and directly addressing wear-related degradation relevant to in vivo mechanical loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Surface Engineering is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1177/02670844261450391
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        Text: English
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      – TitleFull: Microstructural, mechanical, and wear behavior of hydroxyapatite-based composite coatings on magnesium alloy.
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            NameFull: Kumar, Sumit
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            NameFull: Seshagiri, Ravada
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            NameFull: Kumari, Renu
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
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              Y: 2026
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              Value: 42
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