GARIAmark: A Geometric Attack-Resilient Image Adaptive Watermarking Scheme Using Quaternion Wavelet Transform and Nutcracker Optimizer Algorithm.
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| Title: | GARIAmark: A Geometric Attack-Resilient Image Adaptive Watermarking Scheme Using Quaternion Wavelet Transform and Nutcracker Optimizer Algorithm. |
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| Authors: | Kumar, Subodh1 (AUTHOR) skumar.cs.du@gmail.com |
| Source: | Circuits, Systems & Signal Processing. Jul2026, Vol. 45 Issue 7, p5655-5694. 40p. |
| Subjects: | Digital image watermarking, Wavelet transforms, Digital watermarking, Boosting algorithms, Distribution (Probability theory), Optimization algorithms, Copyright |
| Abstract: | As Internet technologies advance rapidly, there has been a significant rise in content authentication and copyright concerns. Conventional digital watermarking methods that rely on a single embedding strength value fail to account for the local attributes of the image, making it challenging to optimally balance between imperceptibility and robustness. Moreover, the vulnerability of these schemes to geometric attacks further limits their effectiveness. To overcome these limitations, we propose GARIAmark—an image-adaptive watermarking scheme based on Nutcracker Optimization Algorithm (NOA) and Quaternion wavelet transform (QWT) that uses multiple watermark embedding strength values optimized locally using NOA to achieve enhanced robustness and visual quality. For watermarking, principal component coefficients are used that are obtained by applying QWT and singular value decomposition, thus mitigating the issue of false positives. Additionally, a novel geometric correction technique is developed using Bessel K-form distribution and an AdaBoost classifier to strengthen the geometric attack-resilience of this scheme. The classifier is trained using scale and location parameters (derived through BKF distribution) of different QWT sub-bands of the training images to accurately categorize geometric attacks and guide correction. Further, to enhance security the watermark is scrambled using a chaotic logistic map prior to embedding. Experimental results confirm that GARIAmark consistently achieves high visual quality while maintaining strong resistance against both image processing and geometric attacks. Comparative analysis with state-of-the-art schemes demonstrates the superior performance of GARIAmark in terms of robustness and imperceptibility, thus making it well-suited for real-world copyright protection applications in domains such as the multimedia industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Circuits, Systems & Signal Processing is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 194867707 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: GARIAmark: A Geometric Attack-Resilient Image Adaptive Watermarking Scheme Using Quaternion Wavelet Transform and Nutcracker Optimizer Algorithm. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kumar%2C+Subodh%22">Kumar, Subodh</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> skumar.cs.du@gmail.com</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Circuits%2C+Systems+%26+Signal+Processing%22">Circuits, Systems & Signal Processing</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 45 Issue 7, p5655-5694. 40p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Digital+image+watermarking%22">Digital image watermarking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wavelet+transforms%22">Wavelet transforms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Digital+watermarking%22">Digital watermarking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Boosting+algorithms%22">Boosting algorithms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Distribution+%28Probability+theory%29%22">Distribution (Probability theory)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optimization+algorithms%22">Optimization algorithms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Copyright%22">Copyright</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: As Internet technologies advance rapidly, there has been a significant rise in content authentication and copyright concerns. Conventional digital watermarking methods that rely on a single embedding strength value fail to account for the local attributes of the image, making it challenging to optimally balance between imperceptibility and robustness. Moreover, the vulnerability of these schemes to geometric attacks further limits their effectiveness. To overcome these limitations, we propose GARIAmark—an image-adaptive watermarking scheme based on Nutcracker Optimization Algorithm (NOA) and Quaternion wavelet transform (QWT) that uses multiple watermark embedding strength values optimized locally using NOA to achieve enhanced robustness and visual quality. For watermarking, principal component coefficients are used that are obtained by applying QWT and singular value decomposition, thus mitigating the issue of false positives. Additionally, a novel geometric correction technique is developed using Bessel K-form distribution and an AdaBoost classifier to strengthen the geometric attack-resilience of this scheme. The classifier is trained using scale and location parameters (derived through BKF distribution) of different QWT sub-bands of the training images to accurately categorize geometric attacks and guide correction. Further, to enhance security the watermark is scrambled using a chaotic logistic map prior to embedding. Experimental results confirm that GARIAmark consistently achieves high visual quality while maintaining strong resistance against both image processing and geometric attacks. Comparative analysis with state-of-the-art schemes demonstrates the superior performance of GARIAmark in terms of robustness and imperceptibility, thus making it well-suited for real-world copyright protection applications in domains such as the multimedia industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Circuits, Systems & Signal Processing is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s00034-025-03439-5 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 40 StartPage: 5655 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Digital image watermarking Type: general – SubjectFull: Wavelet transforms Type: general – SubjectFull: Digital watermarking Type: general – SubjectFull: Boosting algorithms Type: general – SubjectFull: Distribution (Probability theory) Type: general – SubjectFull: Optimization algorithms Type: general – SubjectFull: Copyright Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: GARIAmark: A Geometric Attack-Resilient Image Adaptive Watermarking Scheme Using Quaternion Wavelet Transform and Nutcracker Optimizer Algorithm. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kumar, Subodh IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 07 Text: Jul2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 0278081X Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 45 – Type: issue Value: 7 Titles: – TitleFull: Circuits, Systems & Signal Processing Type: main |
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