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Securing Healthcare Data Exchange Based on Fog Computing and Blockchain Technologies.

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Title: Securing Healthcare Data Exchange Based on Fog Computing and Blockchain Technologies.
Authors: Jawad, Muwafaq1 pgs.muwafaq.abbas@uobasrah.edu.iq, A. Yassin, Ali1, Ali Abed AL-Asadi, Hamid1
Source: Iraqi Journal for Electrical & Electronic Engineering. Jun2026, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p374-387. 14p.
Subjects: Blockchains, Edge computing, Risk assessment, Electronic health records, Computer performance, Health information exchanges, Public key cryptography
Abstract (English): IoHT has several benefits for real-time smart healthcare, but because of its limited processing power, storage capacity, and self-defense capabilities, security issues are growing. Although newer blockchain-based authentication solutions have strong security features due to their tamper-resistant decentralized architecture, they come with a high resource cost, requiring a lot of processing power, more storage, and time-consuming authentication procedures. As such, these difficulties provide barriers to reaching the ideal levels of scalability and temporal efficiency, which are essential for the efficient functioning of large-scale, time-sensitive IoHT systems. To solve these challenges, this paper presents an authentication approach designed especially for IoHT systems. Our work consists four-phase process, which includes setting, registration, login and authentication, and HERs Exchange data. To enhance both efficiency and scalability, the proposed scheme employs a combination of 3-D map dimensions chaotic-based public key cryptosystems, and blockchain-based, fog computing technologies and IPFS. We simulate the proposed work to implement health electronic record (HER) by the Ethereum platform and solidity language, the simulation experiments were tested using the JMeter tool. Showed that the key generation time for chaotic-based is faster than (ECC)—furthermore, the average latency ≈ 3.7 ms. A security analysis of the proposed scheme was implemented by the Scyther tool. The formal security analysis demonstrated that the proposed scheme is secured against potential attacks and supports the scalability of the IoHT system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Arabic): يركز المقال على تأمين تبادل بيانات الرعاية الصحية ضمن أنظمة إنترنت أشياء الرعاية الصحية (Internet of Healthcare Things - إنترنت أشياء الرعاية الصحية) من خلال دمج الحوسبة الضبابية (fog computing) وتقنية البلوك تشين (blockchain) ونظام تشفير مفتاح فوضوي (chaotic key cryptosystem). يقترح المقال مخطط تحقق متعدد العوامل يستخدم نظام تشفير مفتاح عام قائم على خريطة فوضوية ثلاثية الأبعاد (3-dimensional chaotic map) مدمج مع البلوك تشين ونظام الملفات بين الكواكب (Interplanetary File System - IPFS) لإدارة السجلات الصحية الإلكترونية (Electronic Health Records - السجلات الصحية الإلكترونية) بشكل فعال وقابل للتوسع وآمن. تشمل بنية النظام طبقات المستخدم والضباب والسحابة، حيث تتولى عقد الضباب (fog nodes) مهام التحقق من الهوية وتخزين البيانات لتقليل زمن الاستجابة (latency) والعبء الحاسوبي. أظهرت نتائج المحاكاة باستخدام منصة إيثيريوم (Ethereum) وأباتشي جي ميتر (Apache JMeter) زمن استجابة منخفضًا (~3.7 مللي ثانية) وعرض نطاق عالي، بينما أكدت التحليلات الأمنية الرسمية عبر أداة Scyther متانة النظام ضد الهجمات الشائعة مثل إعادة التشغيل (replay)، وهجوم الرجل في الوسط (man-in-the-middle)، وانتحال الشخصية (impersonation). تسلط الدراسة الضوء على التحسينات مقارنة بالطرق الحالية من حيث القابلية للتوسع والأمان والكفاءة دون الاعتماد على سلطات مركزية. [Extracted from the article]
Copyright of Iraqi Journal for Electrical & Electronic Engineering is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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  Data: Securing Healthcare Data Exchange Based on Fog Computing and Blockchain Technologies.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jawad%2C+Muwafaq%22">Jawad, Muwafaq</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> pgs.muwafaq.abbas@uobasrah.edu.iq</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22A%2E+Yassin%2C+Ali%22">A. Yassin, Ali</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ali+Abed+AL-Asadi%2C+Hamid%22">Ali Abed AL-Asadi, Hamid</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Iraqi+Journal+for+Electrical+%26+Electronic+Engineering%22">Iraqi Journal for Electrical & Electronic Engineering</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p374-387. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Blockchains%22">Blockchains</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Edge+computing%22">Edge computing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Risk+assessment%22">Risk assessment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electronic+health+records%22">Electronic health records</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+performance%22">Computer performance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+information+exchanges%22">Health information exchanges</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Public+key+cryptography%22">Public key cryptography</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (English)
  Group: Ab
  Data: IoHT has several benefits for real-time smart healthcare, but because of its limited processing power, storage capacity, and self-defense capabilities, security issues are growing. Although newer blockchain-based authentication solutions have strong security features due to their tamper-resistant decentralized architecture, they come with a high resource cost, requiring a lot of processing power, more storage, and time-consuming authentication procedures. As such, these difficulties provide barriers to reaching the ideal levels of scalability and temporal efficiency, which are essential for the efficient functioning of large-scale, time-sensitive IoHT systems. To solve these challenges, this paper presents an authentication approach designed especially for IoHT systems. Our work consists four-phase process, which includes setting, registration, login and authentication, and HERs Exchange data. To enhance both efficiency and scalability, the proposed scheme employs a combination of 3-D map dimensions chaotic-based public key cryptosystems, and blockchain-based, fog computing technologies and IPFS. We simulate the proposed work to implement health electronic record (HER) by the Ethereum platform and solidity language, the simulation experiments were tested using the JMeter tool. Showed that the key generation time for chaotic-based is faster than (ECC)—furthermore, the average latency ≈ 3.7 ms. A security analysis of the proposed scheme was implemented by the Scyther tool. The formal security analysis demonstrated that the proposed scheme is secured against potential attacks and supports the scalability of the IoHT system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (Arabic)
  Group: Ab
  Data: يركز المقال على تأمين تبادل بيانات الرعاية الصحية ضمن أنظمة إنترنت أشياء الرعاية الصحية (Internet of Healthcare Things - إنترنت أشياء الرعاية الصحية) من خلال دمج الحوسبة الضبابية (fog computing) وتقنية البلوك تشين (blockchain) ونظام تشفير مفتاح فوضوي (chaotic key cryptosystem). يقترح المقال مخطط تحقق متعدد العوامل يستخدم نظام تشفير مفتاح عام قائم على خريطة فوضوية ثلاثية الأبعاد (3-dimensional chaotic map) مدمج مع البلوك تشين ونظام الملفات بين الكواكب (Interplanetary File System - IPFS) لإدارة السجلات الصحية الإلكترونية (Electronic Health Records - السجلات الصحية الإلكترونية) بشكل فعال وقابل للتوسع وآمن. تشمل بنية النظام طبقات المستخدم والضباب والسحابة، حيث تتولى عقد الضباب (fog nodes) مهام التحقق من الهوية وتخزين البيانات لتقليل زمن الاستجابة (latency) والعبء الحاسوبي. أظهرت نتائج المحاكاة باستخدام منصة إيثيريوم (Ethereum) وأباتشي جي ميتر (Apache JMeter) زمن استجابة منخفضًا (~3.7 مللي ثانية) وعرض نطاق عالي، بينما أكدت التحليلات الأمنية الرسمية عبر أداة Scyther متانة النظام ضد الهجمات الشائعة مثل إعادة التشغيل (replay)، وهجوم الرجل في الوسط (man-in-the-middle)، وانتحال الشخصية (impersonation). تسلط الدراسة الضوء على التحسينات مقارنة بالطرق الحالية من حيث القابلية للتوسع والأمان والكفاءة دون الاعتماد على سلطات مركزية. [Extracted from the article]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Iraqi Journal for Electrical & Electronic Engineering is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.37917/ijeee.22.1.33
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      – SubjectFull: Edge computing
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      – SubjectFull: Risk assessment
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      – SubjectFull: Electronic health records
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      – SubjectFull: Health information exchanges
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      – SubjectFull: Public key cryptography
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      – TitleFull: Securing Healthcare Data Exchange Based on Fog Computing and Blockchain Technologies.
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              Text: Jun2026
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