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Concatenated RS/Hamming Code in f-OFDM System.

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Title: Concatenated RS/Hamming Code in f-OFDM System.
Authors: Abood Jassim, Ghada1 ghadaa.alkaissy@student.uokufa.edu.iq, Ali Hussain, Ghasan
Source: Iraqi Journal for Electrical & Electronic Engineering. Jun2026, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p521-531. 11p.
Subjects: Reed-Solomon codes, Hamming codes, 5G networks, Bit error rate, Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, Interference (Telecommunication)
Abstract (English): With the appearance of Fifth Generation (5G) technology, its necessary to fast the enhancing of the current networks, because of the limitations of Fourth Generation (4G) in terms of data transmission. Although the benefits of the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) standard of the LTE systems, it has demerits such as rises the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) as well, high Out-Of-Band Emission (OOBE). Thus, it is considered unsuitable for 5G. In this paper, the filtered OFDM (f-OFDM) is proposed for 5G wireless communication systems as an alternative of OFDM because of its low OOBE. Nevertheless, a trade-off between minimize Bit Error Rate (BER) and OOBE and managing PAPR values are the challenge. One of the most important objectives in this paper is achieving balance among this trade-off through proposing concatenated Reed-Solomon (RS)-Hamming codes to improve f-OFDM systems performance. The proposed method utilizes an external RS (7, 1) code with an internal Hamming (7, 4) codes, then appended of an interleaver to combat random errors and help RS code in correcting errors. The results indicated that the proposed f-OFDM system significantly reduced OOBE values compared to familiar OFDM system owing to use FIR digital filter, while minimizes PAPR and improved BER performance due to combined with concatenated codes. Thereby, the suggested system is presented as a highly competitor candidate future wireless communication systems thank to these benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Arabic): تركز المقالة على تحسين أداء أنظمة التضمين بتقسيم التردد المتعامد المصفى (f-OFDM) للاتصالات اللاسلكية من الجيل الخامس (5G) من خلال استخدام أكواد تصحيح الأخطاء المتسلسلة ريد-سولومون (RS) وهامينغ. يدمج النظام المقترح كود ريد-سولومون الخارجي (7,1) مع كود هامينغ الداخلي (7,4)، بالإضافة إلى استخدام مبدل الترتيب (interleaver) لتحسين تصحيح الأخطاء عبر قنوات التلاشي متعددة المسارات. تُظهر نتائج المحاكاة أن هذا النهج المتسلسل في الترميز يقلل بشكل كبير من انبعاثات خارج النطاق (OOBE) بحوالي 105 ديسيبل ونسبة الذروة إلى المتوسط للطاقة (PAPR) بحوالي 0.77 ديسيبل مقارنةً بنظام OFDM التقليدي، مع تحقيق معدل خطأ بت (BER) منخفض يصل إلى 4×10⁻⁴ عند نسبة إشارة إلى ضوضاء 12 ديسيبل، متفوقًا على الأنظمة التي تستخدم أكواد ريد-سولومون أو هامينغ فقط. تسلط الدراسة الضوء على فعالية وضع مبدل الترتيب بين الكودين لتحسين تصحيح الأخطاء، مقترحةً نظام f-OFDM المشفر بالأكواد المتسلسلة ريد-سولومون/هامينغ كنموذج تنافسي لموجات الاتصالات اللاسلكية المستقبلية للجيل الخامس. [Extracted from the article]
Copyright of Iraqi Journal for Electrical & Electronic Engineering is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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  Data: Concatenated RS/Hamming Code in f-OFDM System.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abood+Jassim%2C+Ghada%22">Abood Jassim, Ghada</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> ghadaa.alkaissy@student.uokufa.edu.iq</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ali+Hussain%2C+Ghasan%22">Ali Hussain, Ghasan</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Iraqi+Journal+for+Electrical+%26+Electronic+Engineering%22">Iraqi Journal for Electrical & Electronic Engineering</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p521-531. 11p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reed-Solomon+codes%22">Reed-Solomon codes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hamming+codes%22">Hamming codes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%225G+networks%22">5G networks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bit+error+rate%22">Bit error rate</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Orthogonal+frequency+division+multiplexing%22">Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interference+%28Telecommunication%29%22">Interference (Telecommunication)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (English)
  Group: Ab
  Data: With the appearance of Fifth Generation (5G) technology, its necessary to fast the enhancing of the current networks, because of the limitations of Fourth Generation (4G) in terms of data transmission. Although the benefits of the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) standard of the LTE systems, it has demerits such as rises the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) as well, high Out-Of-Band Emission (OOBE). Thus, it is considered unsuitable for 5G. In this paper, the filtered OFDM (f-OFDM) is proposed for 5G wireless communication systems as an alternative of OFDM because of its low OOBE. Nevertheless, a trade-off between minimize Bit Error Rate (BER) and OOBE and managing PAPR values are the challenge. One of the most important objectives in this paper is achieving balance among this trade-off through proposing concatenated Reed-Solomon (RS)-Hamming codes to improve f-OFDM systems performance. The proposed method utilizes an external RS (7, 1) code with an internal Hamming (7, 4) codes, then appended of an interleaver to combat random errors and help RS code in correcting errors. The results indicated that the proposed f-OFDM system significantly reduced OOBE values compared to familiar OFDM system owing to use FIR digital filter, while minimizes PAPR and improved BER performance due to combined with concatenated codes. Thereby, the suggested system is presented as a highly competitor candidate future wireless communication systems thank to these benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (Arabic)
  Group: Ab
  Data: تركز المقالة على تحسين أداء أنظمة التضمين بتقسيم التردد المتعامد المصفى (f-OFDM) للاتصالات اللاسلكية من الجيل الخامس (5G) من خلال استخدام أكواد تصحيح الأخطاء المتسلسلة ريد-سولومون (RS) وهامينغ. يدمج النظام المقترح كود ريد-سولومون الخارجي (7,1) مع كود هامينغ الداخلي (7,4)، بالإضافة إلى استخدام مبدل الترتيب (interleaver) لتحسين تصحيح الأخطاء عبر قنوات التلاشي متعددة المسارات. تُظهر نتائج المحاكاة أن هذا النهج المتسلسل في الترميز يقلل بشكل كبير من انبعاثات خارج النطاق (OOBE) بحوالي 105 ديسيبل ونسبة الذروة إلى المتوسط للطاقة (PAPR) بحوالي 0.77 ديسيبل مقارنةً بنظام OFDM التقليدي، مع تحقيق معدل خطأ بت (BER) منخفض يصل إلى 4×10⁻⁴ عند نسبة إشارة إلى ضوضاء 12 ديسيبل، متفوقًا على الأنظمة التي تستخدم أكواد ريد-سولومون أو هامينغ فقط. تسلط الدراسة الضوء على فعالية وضع مبدل الترتيب بين الكودين لتحسين تصحيح الأخطاء، مقترحةً نظام f-OFDM المشفر بالأكواد المتسلسلة ريد-سولومون/هامينغ كنموذج تنافسي لموجات الاتصالات اللاسلكية المستقبلية للجيل الخامس. [Extracted from the article]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Iraqi Journal for Electrical & Electronic Engineering is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=194879625
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        Value: 10.37917/ijeee.22.1.46
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 521
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      – SubjectFull: Reed-Solomon codes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hamming codes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: 5G networks
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bit error rate
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      – SubjectFull: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
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      – SubjectFull: Interference (Telecommunication)
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      – TitleFull: Concatenated RS/Hamming Code in f-OFDM System.
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              Text: Jun2026
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