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Investigation of Graphene-Reinforced WC-10Co-4Cr HVOF Coatings on Laser-Textured DH-36 Steel for Improved Cavitation and Scratch Resistance.

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Title: Investigation of Graphene-Reinforced WC-10Co-4Cr HVOF Coatings on Laser-Textured DH-36 Steel for Improved Cavitation and Scratch Resistance.
Authors: Kumar, J. Sharath1 (AUTHOR) jsk.ip.21@nitj.ac.in, Kumar, Rakesh1 (AUTHOR), Verma, Rajeev1 (AUTHOR) vermar@nitj.ac.in
Source: Journal of Thermal Spray Technology. Jun2026, Vol. 35 Issue 5, p1837-1857. 21p.
Subjects: Tungsten carbide-cobalt alloys, Protective coatings, Cavitation erosion, Corrosion inhibitors, Metal spraying, Laser machining, Steel, Wear resistance
Abstract: High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels are extensively utilized in shipbuilding and offshore structures due to their excellent strength, durability, and workability, specifically the DH-36 naval-grade variant. However, its susceptibility to cavitation erosion and corrosion, particularly in acidic and marine environments, limits its long-term performance. This study emphasizes enhancing the cavitation erosion and scratch resistance of a WC-10Co-4Cr coating on DH-36 steel by adding graphene nanoparticles (GNPs). A corrosion-resistant coating composed of WC-10Co-4Cr reinforced with 3 wt.% GNPs is applied using the high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray technique. These powders were deposited on DH-36 steel specimens that had undergone two surface treatments: sandblasting and laser surface texturing. Circular laser patterns were created using a fiber laser at two different pitch-to-diameter (p/d) ratios of 2 and 3. Cavitation erosion resistance was evaluated using ultrasonic cavitation tests by ASTM G32-16, where samples were exposed to a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 600 minutes. Weight loss was measured at hourly intervals to assess erosion rates. Additionally, scratch indentation tests were performed under progressively increasing loads until coating failure, and the critical loads along with the coefficient of friction (COF) were analyzed. Results demonstrated that laser-textured surfaces, particularly those with optimized p/d ratios, significantly improved the coating's adhesion and mechanical performance compared to sandblasted surfaces. Post-test surface damage from cavitation and scratch wear was examined using FE-SEM and XRD, confirming the superior protective performance of the graphene-reinforced WC-10Co-4Cr coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Thermal Spray Technology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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  Data: Investigation of Graphene-Reinforced WC-10Co-4Cr HVOF Coatings on Laser-Textured DH-36 Steel for Improved Cavitation and Scratch Resistance.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tungsten+carbide-cobalt+alloys%22">Tungsten carbide-cobalt alloys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Protective+coatings%22">Protective coatings</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cavitation+erosion%22">Cavitation erosion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Corrosion+inhibitors%22">Corrosion inhibitors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metal+spraying%22">Metal spraying</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Laser+machining%22">Laser machining</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Steel%22">Steel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wear+resistance%22">Wear resistance</searchLink>
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  Data: High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels are extensively utilized in shipbuilding and offshore structures due to their excellent strength, durability, and workability, specifically the DH-36 naval-grade variant. However, its susceptibility to cavitation erosion and corrosion, particularly in acidic and marine environments, limits its long-term performance. This study emphasizes enhancing the cavitation erosion and scratch resistance of a WC-10Co-4Cr coating on DH-36 steel by adding graphene nanoparticles (GNPs). A corrosion-resistant coating composed of WC-10Co-4Cr reinforced with 3 wt.% GNPs is applied using the high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray technique. These powders were deposited on DH-36 steel specimens that had undergone two surface treatments: sandblasting and laser surface texturing. Circular laser patterns were created using a fiber laser at two different pitch-to-diameter (p/d) ratios of 2 and 3. Cavitation erosion resistance was evaluated using ultrasonic cavitation tests by ASTM G32-16, where samples were exposed to a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 600 minutes. Weight loss was measured at hourly intervals to assess erosion rates. Additionally, scratch indentation tests were performed under progressively increasing loads until coating failure, and the critical loads along with the coefficient of friction (COF) were analyzed. Results demonstrated that laser-textured surfaces, particularly those with optimized p/d ratios, significantly improved the coating's adhesion and mechanical performance compared to sandblasted surfaces. Post-test surface damage from cavitation and scratch wear was examined using FE-SEM and XRD, confirming the superior protective performance of the graphene-reinforced WC-10Co-4Cr coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Thermal Spray Technology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s11666-026-02220-7
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 21
        StartPage: 1837
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      – SubjectFull: Tungsten carbide-cobalt alloys
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Protective coatings
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cavitation erosion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Corrosion inhibitors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metal spraying
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Laser machining
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Steel
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wear resistance
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Investigation of Graphene-Reinforced WC-10Co-4Cr HVOF Coatings on Laser-Textured DH-36 Steel for Improved Cavitation and Scratch Resistance.
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            NameFull: Kumar, J. Sharath
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            NameFull: Kumar, Rakesh
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            NameFull: Verma, Rajeev
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 35
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Thermal Spray Technology
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