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Microstructural Properties and Pressure Distribution in Ultra-Short-Pulse Welds of Sapphire to Iron.

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Title: Microstructural Properties and Pressure Distribution in Ultra-Short-Pulse Welds of Sapphire to Iron.
Authors: Günther, Lukas1,2 (AUTHOR), Friedrich, Anne2,3 (AUTHOR), Thomas, Jens Ulrich2,3 (AUTHOR), Müller, Thomas4 (AUTHOR), de Ligny, Dominique1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Jun2026, Vol. 16 Issue 12, p737. 10p.
Subjects: Laser welding, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Stress concentration, Electron backscattering, Crystallography, Fluorescence
Abstract: The ultra-short-pulse (USP) laser joining of sapphire to iron is investigated by combining electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and ruby (Cr3+) R1 fluorescence mapping to resolve the joint microstructure and pressure distributions. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) reveals Al, O, and Fe intermixing within the seam, consistent with the formation of thin Fe–Al–O reaction layers. R1 fluorescence yields a maximum internal pressure of (490 ± 80) MPa within the modified sapphire region and decays to near-zero within a few micrometres distance from the seam. EBSD data suggest a single-crystal sapphire lattice with localized disorientation adjacent to the joint, whereas the iron foil remains polycrystalline with rolling-induced misorientation without additional weld-induced grain refinement. These results demonstrate that USP joining of sapphire to iron produces localized interfacial reaction zones, with confined pressure predominantly occurring within sapphire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Microstructural Properties and Pressure Distribution in Ultra-Short-Pulse Welds of Sapphire to Iron.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 16 Issue 12, p737. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Laser+welding%22">Laser welding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+dispersive+X-ray+spectroscopy%22">Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stress+concentration%22">Stress concentration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electron+backscattering%22">Electron backscattering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crystallography%22">Crystallography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluorescence%22">Fluorescence</searchLink>
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  Data: The ultra-short-pulse (USP) laser joining of sapphire to iron is investigated by combining electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and ruby (Cr3+) R1 fluorescence mapping to resolve the joint microstructure and pressure distributions. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) reveals Al, O, and Fe intermixing within the seam, consistent with the formation of thin Fe–Al–O reaction layers. R1 fluorescence yields a maximum internal pressure of (490 ± 80) MPa within the modified sapphire region and decays to near-zero within a few micrometres distance from the seam. EBSD data suggest a single-crystal sapphire lattice with localized disorientation adjacent to the joint, whereas the iron foil remains polycrystalline with rolling-induced misorientation without additional weld-induced grain refinement. These results demonstrate that USP joining of sapphire to iron produces localized interfacial reaction zones, with confined pressure predominantly occurring within sapphire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/nano16120737
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Stress concentration
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      – SubjectFull: Electron backscattering
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            NameFull: Friedrich, Anne
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            NameFull: Thomas, Jens Ulrich
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              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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