Thermal Conductivity and Dynamic Viscosity of Water-Based Al 2 O 3 and Polyurethane-Nanoencapsulated n-Nonadecane Nanofluids: A Comparative Experimental Study of Mono and Hybrid Formulations.
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| Title: | Thermal Conductivity and Dynamic Viscosity of Water-Based Al 2 O 3 and Polyurethane-Nanoencapsulated n-Nonadecane Nanofluids: A Comparative Experimental Study of Mono and Hybrid Formulations. |
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| Authors: | Doruk, Semahat1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Jun2026, Vol. 16 Issue 12, p746. 21p. |
| Subjects: | Nanofluids, Phase change materials, Dynamic viscosity, Thermal conductivity, Nanocapsules, Temperature control equipment, Aluminum oxide |
| Abstract: | Hybrid nanofluids combining thermally conductive nanoparticles with latent heat-storing nanocapsules have attracted growing interest for near-ambient liquid-based thermal management, yet direct comparisons between mono and hybrid phase-change-material-containing systems on a common experimental basis remain scarce. In this work, water-based mono Al2O3, mono polyurethane-nanoencapsulated n-nonadecane (PU-NEPCM), and Al2O3/PU-NEPCM hybrid nanofluids were prepared under identical surfactant, sonication, and dispersion conditions, and their thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, and Day-1 colloidal stability were characterized over 298–313 K at total volume fractions of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 vol.%, with the hybrids prepared at a 50:50 volumetric ratio. At 0.5 vol.% and 313 K, the hybrid (NFH3) exhibited the highest thermal conductivity enhancement (+8.27%), exceeding the corresponding mono Al2O3 and mono PU-NEPCM nanofluids by 4.6 and 5.2 percentage points, respectively, while maintaining a moderate viscosity penalty. The hybrid formulations also achieved |ζ| = 32–37 mV, exceeding the conventional electrostatic-stabilization threshold and outperforming both mono families. A two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified particle concentration as the dominant factor governing both properties (p < 0.001), with temperature becoming statistically significant only for the hybrid viscosity (p = 0.043). The synergy index varied between 0.85 and 1.43 across the tested conditions—reaching values of 1.20–1.43 for the lowest-loaded hybrid (NFH1)—while the performance index remained close to unity (0.97–1.01). These results identify low-loaded Al2O3/PU-NEPCM hybrid nanofluids as a balanced and stable candidate for near-ambient liquid-based thermal management applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Abstract: | Hybrid nanofluids combining thermally conductive nanoparticles with latent heat-storing nanocapsules have attracted growing interest for near-ambient liquid-based thermal management, yet direct comparisons between mono and hybrid phase-change-material-containing systems on a common experimental basis remain scarce. In this work, water-based mono Al2O3, mono polyurethane-nanoencapsulated n-nonadecane (PU-NEPCM), and Al2O3/PU-NEPCM hybrid nanofluids were prepared under identical surfactant, sonication, and dispersion conditions, and their thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, and Day-1 colloidal stability were characterized over 298–313 K at total volume fractions of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 vol.%, with the hybrids prepared at a 50:50 volumetric ratio. At 0.5 vol.% and 313 K, the hybrid (NFH3) exhibited the highest thermal conductivity enhancement (+8.27%), exceeding the corresponding mono Al2O3 and mono PU-NEPCM nanofluids by 4.6 and 5.2 percentage points, respectively, while maintaining a moderate viscosity penalty. The hybrid formulations also achieved |ζ| = 32–37 mV, exceeding the conventional electrostatic-stabilization threshold and outperforming both mono families. A two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified particle concentration as the dominant factor governing both properties (p < 0.001), with temperature becoming statistically significant only for the hybrid viscosity (p = 0.043). The synergy index varied between 0.85 and 1.43 across the tested conditions—reaching values of 1.20–1.43 for the lowest-loaded hybrid (NFH1)—while the performance index remained close to unity (0.97–1.01). These results identify low-loaded Al2O3/PU-NEPCM hybrid nanofluids as a balanced and stable candidate for near-ambient liquid-based thermal management applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 20794991 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/nano16120746 |
