Experimental Characterization of Steel and Concrete as Construction Materials: State-of-the-Art Methods and Advances Beyond Standardized Testing.

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Title: Experimental Characterization of Steel and Concrete as Construction Materials: State-of-the-Art Methods and Advances Beyond Standardized Testing.
Authors: Topalović, Marko1 (AUTHOR) topalovic@kg.ac.rs, Milovanović, Vladimir2 (AUTHOR), Dunić, Vladimir1,2 (AUTHOR), Živković, Miroslav2 (AUTHOR), Vulović, Snežana1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p2498. 45p.
Subjects: Construction materials, Test methods, Concrete, Materials testing, Steel, Tensile tests, Fracture toughness testing
Abstract: Construction materials like steel and concrete have been used for thousands of years; however, their industrial-scale production began relatively recently in the 19th century. These materials are still being improved as the drive to build taller buildings, longer bridges, larger dams, and similar engineering marvels keeps pushing boundaries and requirements to previously unimaginable values. Yet, testing and characterization of construction materials that make all that progress possible are overshadowed in scientific literature by more trendy materials such as graphene, composites, nanomaterials, smart materials, and biomaterials. The objective of this review was to identify, collect, and systematically analyze recent papers in which the researchers performed experimental testing on construction materials to document how state-of-the-art experimental practice extends beyond what standardized protocols prescribe. This paper covers Uniaxial Tensile Testing (UT), Compact Tension C(T), Uniaxial Compression (UC), and Single Edge Notched Bending SEN(B), as they are the most commonly used and best-suited techniques for construction material analysis. State-of-the-art papers featuring these techniques were systematically gathered using AI-assisted literature discovery tools, and their contributions beyond ISO and ASTM standards were identified and summarized. Using this review, material scientists and engineers can quickly discover the most influential and relevant papers with the actual experimental data and can apply the testing procedures described in these papers in their laboratories so they can compare their results with the previously published measurements and make an engineering decision based on appropriate comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Experimental Characterization of Steel and Concrete as Construction Materials: State-of-the-Art Methods and Advances Beyond Standardized Testing.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Topalović%2C+Marko%22">Topalović, Marko</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> topalovic@kg.ac.rs</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Milovanović%2C+Vladimir%22">Milovanović, Vladimir</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dunić%2C+Vladimir%22">Dunić, Vladimir</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Živković%2C+Miroslav%22">Živković, Miroslav</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vulović%2C+Snežana%22">Vulović, Snežana</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p2498. 45p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Construction+materials%22">Construction materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+methods%22">Test methods</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Concrete%22">Concrete</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Materials+testing%22">Materials testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Steel%22">Steel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tensile+tests%22">Tensile tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fracture+toughness+testing%22">Fracture toughness testing</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Construction materials like steel and concrete have been used for thousands of years; however, their industrial-scale production began relatively recently in the 19th century. These materials are still being improved as the drive to build taller buildings, longer bridges, larger dams, and similar engineering marvels keeps pushing boundaries and requirements to previously unimaginable values. Yet, testing and characterization of construction materials that make all that progress possible are overshadowed in scientific literature by more trendy materials such as graphene, composites, nanomaterials, smart materials, and biomaterials. The objective of this review was to identify, collect, and systematically analyze recent papers in which the researchers performed experimental testing on construction materials to document how state-of-the-art experimental practice extends beyond what standardized protocols prescribe. This paper covers Uniaxial Tensile Testing (UT), Compact Tension C(T), Uniaxial Compression (UC), and Single Edge Notched Bending SEN(B), as they are the most commonly used and best-suited techniques for construction material analysis. State-of-the-art papers featuring these techniques were systematically gathered using AI-assisted literature discovery tools, and their contributions beyond ISO and ASTM standards were identified and summarized. Using this review, material scientists and engineers can quickly discover the most influential and relevant papers with the actual experimental data and can apply the testing procedures described in these papers in their laboratories so they can compare their results with the previously published measurements and make an engineering decision based on appropriate comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/ma19122498
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 45
        StartPage: 2498
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Construction materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test methods
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Concrete
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Materials testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Steel
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tensile tests
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fracture toughness testing
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Experimental Characterization of Steel and Concrete as Construction Materials: State-of-the-Art Methods and Advances Beyond Standardized Testing.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Topalović, Marko
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            NameFull: Milovanović, Vladimir
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            NameFull: Dunić, Vladimir
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            NameFull: Živković, Miroslav
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            NameFull: Vulović, Snežana
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              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19
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              Value: 12
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