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Long-Term Evolution of Microstructure, Density, and Yield Strength of Pure Lead After Solidification Under Different Cooling Rates.

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Title: Long-Term Evolution of Microstructure, Density, and Yield Strength of Pure Lead After Solidification Under Different Cooling Rates.
Authors: Wu, Bingjie1 (AUTHOR), Zhong, Hailuo2 (AUTHOR), Liao, Weibing2,3 (AUTHOR), Zhu, Mingdong1 (AUTHOR), Dong, Yuanyuan1,2 (AUTHOR), Huang, Xi2,3 (AUTHOR) xi.huang@szu.edu.cn
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p2530. 16p.
Subjects: Microstructure, Yield strength (Engineering), Deterioration of materials, Lead, Recrystallization (Metallurgy), Solidification
Abstract: Lead-based alloy has received widespread attention as a coolant in nuclear reactors. However, there is limited research on pure lead after solidification. In this study, a systematic investigation was conducted on the long-term evolution of the microstructure and physical properties of pure lead samples solidified under different cooling rates, with a comparative analysis against of lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE). Microscopic detection (using optical and electron microscopes), density measurement, and compressive mechanical testing were carried out. The study results show that during the long-term evolution process after solidification (at room temperature of 27 °C), pure lead samples spontaneously undergo recovery and recrystallization, with larger grain size and more uniform microstructure. The density of samples remains within a stable range. The yield strength of samples after solidification will gradually decrease over time. For example, after 180 days of evolution, the yield strength of the rapidly cooled sample (10 K/min) decreased from 4.879 MPa to 3.766 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 194907604
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Long-Term Evolution of Microstructure, Density, and Yield Strength of Pure Lead After Solidification Under Different Cooling Rates.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p2530. 16p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microstructure%22">Microstructure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Yield+strength+%28Engineering%29%22">Yield strength (Engineering)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deterioration+of+materials%22">Deterioration of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lead%22">Lead</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Recrystallization+%28Metallurgy%29%22">Recrystallization (Metallurgy)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solidification%22">Solidification</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Lead-based alloy has received widespread attention as a coolant in nuclear reactors. However, there is limited research on pure lead after solidification. In this study, a systematic investigation was conducted on the long-term evolution of the microstructure and physical properties of pure lead samples solidified under different cooling rates, with a comparative analysis against of lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE). Microscopic detection (using optical and electron microscopes), density measurement, and compressive mechanical testing were carried out. The study results show that during the long-term evolution process after solidification (at room temperature of 27 °C), pure lead samples spontaneously undergo recovery and recrystallization, with larger grain size and more uniform microstructure. The density of samples remains within a stable range. The yield strength of samples after solidification will gradually decrease over time. For example, after 180 days of evolution, the yield strength of the rapidly cooled sample (10 K/min) decreased from 4.879 MPa to 3.766 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma19122530
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 2530
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      – SubjectFull: Microstructure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Yield strength (Engineering)
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      – SubjectFull: Deterioration of materials
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      – SubjectFull: Lead
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      – SubjectFull: Recrystallization (Metallurgy)
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      – SubjectFull: Solidification
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      – TitleFull: Long-Term Evolution of Microstructure, Density, and Yield Strength of Pure Lead After Solidification Under Different Cooling Rates.
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            NameFull: Wu, Bingjie
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            NameFull: Zhong, Hailuo
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            NameFull: Zhu, Mingdong
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            – D: 15
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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