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Wear Behavior of Laser-Cladded TiN-Reinforced AlCoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy Coatings on 304 Stainless Steel.

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Title: Wear Behavior of Laser-Cladded TiN-Reinforced AlCoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy Coatings on 304 Stainless Steel.
Authors: Deng, Qian1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Ying2 (AUTHOR), Liu, Yuxuan2,3 (AUTHOR), Hu, Zhigang2,4 (AUTHOR), Ma, Ming1,2 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Mao2,3 (AUTHOR), Ai, Yong3,4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p2563. 18p.
Subjects: Titanium nitride, Wear resistance, High-entropy alloys, Hardness, Laser deposition, Microstructure, Stainless steel
Abstract: AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy coatings reinforced with different TiN contents (2 wt.%, 4 wt.%, and 6 wt.%) were fabricated on 304 stainless steel by laser cladding. The effects of TiN addition on the microstructure, hardness, friction behavior, and wear resistance of the coatings were investigated. Dry reciprocating sliding tests were conducted under a load of 10 N, a frequency of 5 Hz, a stroke length of 5 mm, and a duration of 20 min using GCr15 bearing steel balls as the counterpart. The results showed that the 2 wt.% TiN coating exhibited the best tribological performance within the investigated composition range, with a microhardness of 579.6 HV0.5, a relatively low and stable friction coefficient of approximately 0.30–0.35, and a wear rate of 2.9 × 10−4 mm3/(N·m). When the TiN content increased to 4 wt.% and 6 wt.%, the wear resistance decreased, which was mainly associated with particle agglomeration, local stress concentration, and brittle spalling. These results indicate that appropriate TiN addition can improve the load-bearing capacity and wear resistance of laser-cladded AlCoCrFeNi coatings, providing a potential surface-strengthening strategy for 304 stainless steel components under dry sliding conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Wear Behavior of Laser-Cladded TiN-Reinforced AlCoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy Coatings on 304 Stainless Steel.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Deng%2C+Qian%22">Deng, Qian</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Ying%22">Wang, Ying</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Yuxuan%22">Liu, Yuxuan</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hu%2C+Zhigang%22">Hu, Zhigang</searchLink><relatesTo>2,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ma%2C+Ming%22">Ma, Ming</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Mao%22">Zhang, Mao</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ai%2C+Yong%22">Ai, Yong</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p2563. 18p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Titanium+nitride%22">Titanium nitride</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wear+resistance%22">Wear resistance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High-entropy+alloys%22">High-entropy alloys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hardness%22">Hardness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Laser+deposition%22">Laser deposition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microstructure%22">Microstructure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stainless+steel%22">Stainless steel</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy coatings reinforced with different TiN contents (2 wt.%, 4 wt.%, and 6 wt.%) were fabricated on 304 stainless steel by laser cladding. The effects of TiN addition on the microstructure, hardness, friction behavior, and wear resistance of the coatings were investigated. Dry reciprocating sliding tests were conducted under a load of 10 N, a frequency of 5 Hz, a stroke length of 5 mm, and a duration of 20 min using GCr15 bearing steel balls as the counterpart. The results showed that the 2 wt.% TiN coating exhibited the best tribological performance within the investigated composition range, with a microhardness of 579.6 HV0.5, a relatively low and stable friction coefficient of approximately 0.30–0.35, and a wear rate of 2.9 × 10−4 mm3/(N·m). When the TiN content increased to 4 wt.% and 6 wt.%, the wear resistance decreased, which was mainly associated with particle agglomeration, local stress concentration, and brittle spalling. These results indicate that appropriate TiN addition can improve the load-bearing capacity and wear resistance of laser-cladded AlCoCrFeNi coatings, providing a potential surface-strengthening strategy for 304 stainless steel components under dry sliding conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma19122563
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: High-entropy alloys
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      – SubjectFull: Hardness
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      – SubjectFull: Laser deposition
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      – SubjectFull: Microstructure
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      – SubjectFull: Stainless steel
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      – TitleFull: Wear Behavior of Laser-Cladded TiN-Reinforced AlCoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy Coatings on 304 Stainless Steel.
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              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
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              Y: 2026
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