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Experimental Characterization and Numerical Assessment of Cu-Al-Be Shape Memory Alloys for U-Shaped Flexural Plates.

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Title: Experimental Characterization and Numerical Assessment of Cu-Al-Be Shape Memory Alloys for U-Shaped Flexural Plates.
Authors: Santibañez, Catalina1 (AUTHOR), Bazáez, Ramiro2 (AUTHOR) ramiro.bazaez@usm.cl, Pérez, Luis1,3 (AUTHOR), Avila-Avila, Yessica L.1,3 (AUTHOR), Lara-Rodríguez, Gabriel2,3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p2617. 24p.
Subjects: Shape memory alloys, Dampers (Mechanical devices), Strains & stresses (Mechanics), Cyclic loads, Finite element method, Elastic plates & shells, Energy dissipation, Mechanical behavior of materials
Abstract: This study presents an experimental characterization and numerical assessment of Cu–Al–Be (CAB) shape memory alloys (SMAs) for potential applications in U-shaped flexural plate (UFP) seismic dampers. Six alloy compositions were evaluated through monotonic tensile tests, ASTM F2516 superelastic protocols, and increasing-amplitude cyclic loading to identify the material exhibiting stable superelastic behavior at room temperature. Among the tested materials, alloy CAB4.76-A showed the most favorable response, with high transformation stress, stable pseudoelastic behavior, and strain recovery exceeding 95% for strains up to 2.5%. A phenomenological finite element model based on the Auricchio constitutive formulation was calibrated using experimental data within the validated strain range (ε ≤ 0.025), showing good agreement in stiffness and stress prediction. The calibrated model was subsequently applied to simulate the response of a UFP device under orthogonal cyclic loading. The results indicate a strong dependence on loading orientation due to coupled bending–torsion effects, with the 90° direction exhibiting significantly higher strength and energy dissipation capacity. Comparison with analytical formulations originally developed for steel UFPs showed that these expressions provide approximate estimates when applied to SMA-based devices. The results suggest that Cu–Al–Be alloys are a promising alternative for UFP applications, while highlighting the importance of loading orientation and the need for future experimental validation at a device scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 194907691
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Experimental Characterization and Numerical Assessment of Cu-Al-Be Shape Memory Alloys for U-Shaped Flexural Plates.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Santibañez%2C+Catalina%22">Santibañez, Catalina</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bazáez%2C+Ramiro%22">Bazáez, Ramiro</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ramiro.bazaez@usm.cl</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pérez%2C+Luis%22">Pérez, Luis</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Avila-Avila%2C+Yessica+L%2E%22">Avila-Avila, Yessica L.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lara-Rodríguez%2C+Gabriel%22">Lara-Rodríguez, Gabriel</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p2617. 24p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Shape+memory+alloys%22">Shape memory alloys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dampers+%28Mechanical+devices%29%22">Dampers (Mechanical devices)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Strains+%26+stresses+%28Mechanics%29%22">Strains & stresses (Mechanics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cyclic+loads%22">Cyclic loads</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Finite+element+method%22">Finite element method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elastic+plates+%26+shells%22">Elastic plates & shells</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+dissipation%22">Energy dissipation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study presents an experimental characterization and numerical assessment of Cu–Al–Be (CAB) shape memory alloys (SMAs) for potential applications in U-shaped flexural plate (UFP) seismic dampers. Six alloy compositions were evaluated through monotonic tensile tests, ASTM F2516 superelastic protocols, and increasing-amplitude cyclic loading to identify the material exhibiting stable superelastic behavior at room temperature. Among the tested materials, alloy CAB4.76-A showed the most favorable response, with high transformation stress, stable pseudoelastic behavior, and strain recovery exceeding 95% for strains up to 2.5%. A phenomenological finite element model based on the Auricchio constitutive formulation was calibrated using experimental data within the validated strain range (ε ≤ 0.025), showing good agreement in stiffness and stress prediction. The calibrated model was subsequently applied to simulate the response of a UFP device under orthogonal cyclic loading. The results indicate a strong dependence on loading orientation due to coupled bending–torsion effects, with the 90° direction exhibiting significantly higher strength and energy dissipation capacity. Comparison with analytical formulations originally developed for steel UFPs showed that these expressions provide approximate estimates when applied to SMA-based devices. The results suggest that Cu–Al–Be alloys are a promising alternative for UFP applications, while highlighting the importance of loading orientation and the need for future experimental validation at a device scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.3390/ma19122617
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 24
        StartPage: 2617
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Shape memory alloys
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dampers (Mechanical devices)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Strains & stresses (Mechanics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cyclic loads
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Finite element method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Elastic plates & shells
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy dissipation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Experimental Characterization and Numerical Assessment of Cu-Al-Be Shape Memory Alloys for U-Shaped Flexural Plates.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Santibañez, Catalina
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            NameFull: Bazáez, Ramiro
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            NameFull: Pérez, Luis
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            NameFull: Avila-Avila, Yessica L.
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            NameFull: Lara-Rodríguez, Gabriel
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            – D: 15
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19961944
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              Value: 19
            – Type: issue
              Value: 12
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Materials (1996-1944)
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