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Silver Halides as Strategic Functional Materials: Resource Potential and Technological Evolution (1975–2025).

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Title: Silver Halides as Strategic Functional Materials: Resource Potential and Technological Evolution (1975–2025).
Authors: Junussov, Medet1 (AUTHOR), Umarbekova, Zamzagul T.2 (AUTHOR), Kembayev, Maxat K.3 (AUTHOR), Gadeev, Ravil R.1,2 (AUTHOR), Mekenbek, Gulnur2,3 (AUTHOR), Mashrapova, Moldir A.2,3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p2636. 32p.
Subjects: Silver halides, Photocatalysis, Electrochemical analysis, Catalysis, Crystal growth, Nanotechnology, Nanostructured materials, Environmental remediation
Abstract: Highlights: What are the main findings? Global silver halides research spans natural and synthetic materials. Publication output surged post-2005, driven by nanotechnology and photocatalysis. Six thematic clusters identified: environment, catalysis, crystal growth, structure, interface, electroanalysis. What are the implications of the main findings? Silver halides are key multifunctional materials for next-generation technologies. Nanostructured and hybrid designs enable advanced photocatalysis and optical devices. Insights guide sustainable synthesis, AI-assisted design, and interdisciplinary research. Driven by advances in multifunctional materials design, silver halides—both natural (AgCl, AgBr, AgI, and mixed phases such as embolite) and synthetic—have emerged as versatile functional materials characterized by tunable crystallography, phase stability, and compositional variability. This study investigates global research trends, interdisciplinary development, and emerging application areas of silver halides through a bibliometric analysis of 23,841 publications indexed in the Web of Science (1975–2025). CDPI, TELM, VOSviewer, and Excel were employed to evaluate publication growth, disciplinary integration, and thematic evolution. Research output increased markedly after 2005, reaching approximately 700–1000 publications annually during 2020–2025. China (18.3%) and the United States (17.5%) were the leading contributors, while the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, and CNRS showed the highest scientific impact. Materials Science Multidisciplinary (CDPI = 0.72), Chemistry Multidisciplinary (0.70), and Physical Chemistry (0.67) exhibited the strongest interdisciplinary integration, whereas Nanoscience and Nanotechnology demonstrated the fastest growth. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified six major research domains focused on functional materials engineering, including environmental remediation, catalysis, crystal growth, antibacterial materials, interfacial processes, and electroanalytical systems. Recent studies increasingly emphasize structure–property relationships and synthetic control of crystal size, morphology, and surface characteristics to enhance performance in photocatalysis, sensing, antimicrobial coatings, and advanced optical applications. Overall, the results highlight the growing importance of silver halides as strategic functional materials and provide a quantitative framework for future research and technological development. A limitation of this study is its exclusive reliance on the Web of Science database, which may underrepresent relevant publications indexed elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Silver Halides as Strategic Functional Materials: Resource Potential and Technological Evolution (1975–2025).
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Silver+halides%22">Silver halides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photocatalysis%22">Photocatalysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrochemical+analysis%22">Electrochemical analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Catalysis%22">Catalysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crystal+growth%22">Crystal growth</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanotechnology%22">Nanotechnology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanostructured+materials%22">Nanostructured materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+remediation%22">Environmental remediation</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Highlights: What are the main findings? Global silver halides research spans natural and synthetic materials. Publication output surged post-2005, driven by nanotechnology and photocatalysis. Six thematic clusters identified: environment, catalysis, crystal growth, structure, interface, electroanalysis. What are the implications of the main findings? Silver halides are key multifunctional materials for next-generation technologies. Nanostructured and hybrid designs enable advanced photocatalysis and optical devices. Insights guide sustainable synthesis, AI-assisted design, and interdisciplinary research. Driven by advances in multifunctional materials design, silver halides—both natural (AgCl, AgBr, AgI, and mixed phases such as embolite) and synthetic—have emerged as versatile functional materials characterized by tunable crystallography, phase stability, and compositional variability. This study investigates global research trends, interdisciplinary development, and emerging application areas of silver halides through a bibliometric analysis of 23,841 publications indexed in the Web of Science (1975–2025). CDPI, TELM, VOSviewer, and Excel were employed to evaluate publication growth, disciplinary integration, and thematic evolution. Research output increased markedly after 2005, reaching approximately 700–1000 publications annually during 2020–2025. China (18.3%) and the United States (17.5%) were the leading contributors, while the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, and CNRS showed the highest scientific impact. Materials Science Multidisciplinary (CDPI = 0.72), Chemistry Multidisciplinary (0.70), and Physical Chemistry (0.67) exhibited the strongest interdisciplinary integration, whereas Nanoscience and Nanotechnology demonstrated the fastest growth. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified six major research domains focused on functional materials engineering, including environmental remediation, catalysis, crystal growth, antibacterial materials, interfacial processes, and electroanalytical systems. Recent studies increasingly emphasize structure–property relationships and synthetic control of crystal size, morphology, and surface characteristics to enhance performance in photocatalysis, sensing, antimicrobial coatings, and advanced optical applications. Overall, the results highlight the growing importance of silver halides as strategic functional materials and provide a quantitative framework for future research and technological development. A limitation of this study is its exclusive reliance on the Web of Science database, which may underrepresent relevant publications indexed elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma19122636
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 32
        StartPage: 2636
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Silver halides
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Photocatalysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electrochemical analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Catalysis
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      – SubjectFull: Crystal growth
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      – SubjectFull: Nanotechnology
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      – SubjectFull: Nanostructured materials
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      – SubjectFull: Environmental remediation
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      – TitleFull: Silver Halides as Strategic Functional Materials: Resource Potential and Technological Evolution (1975–2025).
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              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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