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Span-Morphing Wing Using Multistable Honeycomb Metamaterial Structures.

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Title: Span-Morphing Wing Using Multistable Honeycomb Metamaterial Structures.
Authors: Wang, Ruixin1 (AUTHOR), Niu, Bin1 (AUTHOR) niubin@dlut.edu.cn
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p2678. 21p.
Subjects: Honeycomb structures, Fluid-structure interaction, Aerodynamics, Finite element method, Lightweight construction
Abstract: Highlights: A span-morphing wing section based on multistable honeycomb structures is proposed. A nonlinear force–displacement model is established for multistable honeycomb structures with support stiffness considered. The wing achieves 35.6% span-morphing with validated bidirectional functionality. Conventional span-morphing wings are often constrained by structural complexity, heavy weight, and discontinuous aerodynamic surface. Although flexible honeycomb and lattice structures offer lightweight solutions, they usually require external loads to maintain the deformed configuration and often exhibit limited stability under large deformation. In this study, a span-morphing wing section based on multistable honeycomb structures is proposed. The multistable honeycomb acts as the core deformation–load-bearing module, enabling multistage reversible spanwise reconfiguration through the bistable transition of cosine curved beams and the support of honeycomb structures. An equivalent nonlinear force–displacement model is derived to describe the structural response. Finite element analysis and fluid–structure interaction analysis are conducted to evaluate its mechanical and aerodynamic performance, while prototype fabrication and bidirectional morphing experiments are performed to demonstrate its functional feasibility. The results show that the proposed wing section achieves prescribed multistage state transitions, effectively regulates lift through span variation, and maintains good structural strength under typical aerodynamic loads. These findings demonstrate the potential of multistable honeycomb structures for lightweight and stable span-morphing wing design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 194907752
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  Data: Span-Morphing Wing Using Multistable Honeycomb Metamaterial Structures.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Ruixin%22">Wang, Ruixin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Niu%2C+Bin%22">Niu, Bin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> niubin@dlut.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p2678. 21p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Honeycomb+structures%22">Honeycomb structures</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluid-structure+interaction%22">Fluid-structure interaction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aerodynamics%22">Aerodynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Finite+element+method%22">Finite element method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lightweight+construction%22">Lightweight construction</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Highlights: A span-morphing wing section based on multistable honeycomb structures is proposed. A nonlinear force–displacement model is established for multistable honeycomb structures with support stiffness considered. The wing achieves 35.6% span-morphing with validated bidirectional functionality. Conventional span-morphing wings are often constrained by structural complexity, heavy weight, and discontinuous aerodynamic surface. Although flexible honeycomb and lattice structures offer lightweight solutions, they usually require external loads to maintain the deformed configuration and often exhibit limited stability under large deformation. In this study, a span-morphing wing section based on multistable honeycomb structures is proposed. The multistable honeycomb acts as the core deformation–load-bearing module, enabling multistage reversible spanwise reconfiguration through the bistable transition of cosine curved beams and the support of honeycomb structures. An equivalent nonlinear force–displacement model is derived to describe the structural response. Finite element analysis and fluid–structure interaction analysis are conducted to evaluate its mechanical and aerodynamic performance, while prototype fabrication and bidirectional morphing experiments are performed to demonstrate its functional feasibility. The results show that the proposed wing section achieves prescribed multistage state transitions, effectively regulates lift through span variation, and maintains good structural strength under typical aerodynamic loads. These findings demonstrate the potential of multistable honeycomb structures for lightweight and stable span-morphing wing design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.3390/ma19122678
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 21
        StartPage: 2678
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      – SubjectFull: Honeycomb structures
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fluid-structure interaction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aerodynamics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Finite element method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lightweight construction
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      – TitleFull: Span-Morphing Wing Using Multistable Honeycomb Metamaterial Structures.
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            NameFull: Wang, Ruixin
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            – D: 15
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19
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              Value: 12
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