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Effect of Build Orientation and Part Location on Surface Roughness of PA12 Components Fabricated by Selective Laser Sintering.

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Title: Effect of Build Orientation and Part Location on Surface Roughness of PA12 Components Fabricated by Selective Laser Sintering.
Authors: Srinivasan, Lokeshwaran1 (AUTHOR), Veeranan, Ezhilmaran1,2 (AUTHOR), Radhakrishnan, Lalitha1 (AUTHOR), Hodhod, Monaf2 (AUTHOR), Jribi, Skander2 (AUTHOR), Khan, Mohammad Faseeulla2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Polymers (20734360). Jun2026, Vol. 18 Issue 12, p1415. 14p.
Subjects: Selective laser sintering, Surface roughness, Crystallization, Scanning electron microscopy, Polyamides, Thermal stability
Abstract: Selective laser sintering (SLS) enables the fabrication of polymer components with intricate geometries; however, surface roughness remains a concern that affects performance and quality. This study systematically examines the influence of build orientation (X, Y, Z) and part location (inner, middle, outer) on surface roughness of Polyamide 12 (PA12) components. The results show that components built in the Y orientation and placed in the inner chamber exhibited the lowest surface roughness (Sa = 9.88 ± 0.16 µm). In contrast, Z-oriented components at the outer edge showed the highest (Sa = 11.49 ± 0.27 µm), indicating a 10.13% variation. SEM analysis showed smoother morphology and reduced porosity in the inner regions, while DSC confirmed higher crystallinity in samples with improved finish. These findings highlight the role of thermal stability and spatial positioning within the build chamber in controlling surface characteristics, emphasizing the importance of orientation and placement strategies for improving the quality of PA12 components fabricated by SLS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Effect of Build Orientation and Part Location on Surface Roughness of PA12 Components Fabricated by Selective Laser Sintering.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 18 Issue 12, p1415. 14p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Selective+laser+sintering%22">Selective laser sintering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+roughness%22">Surface roughness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crystallization%22">Crystallization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scanning+electron+microscopy%22">Scanning electron microscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyamides%22">Polyamides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+stability%22">Thermal stability</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Selective laser sintering (SLS) enables the fabrication of polymer components with intricate geometries; however, surface roughness remains a concern that affects performance and quality. This study systematically examines the influence of build orientation (X, Y, Z) and part location (inner, middle, outer) on surface roughness of Polyamide 12 (PA12) components. The results show that components built in the Y orientation and placed in the inner chamber exhibited the lowest surface roughness (Sa = 9.88 ± 0.16 µm). In contrast, Z-oriented components at the outer edge showed the highest (Sa = 11.49 ± 0.27 µm), indicating a 10.13% variation. SEM analysis showed smoother morphology and reduced porosity in the inner regions, while DSC confirmed higher crystallinity in samples with improved finish. These findings highlight the role of thermal stability and spatial positioning within the build chamber in controlling surface characteristics, emphasizing the importance of orientation and placement strategies for improving the quality of PA12 components fabricated by SLS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/polym18121415
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Surface roughness
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      – SubjectFull: Crystallization
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      – SubjectFull: Scanning electron microscopy
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      – SubjectFull: Thermal stability
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      – TitleFull: Effect of Build Orientation and Part Location on Surface Roughness of PA12 Components Fabricated by Selective Laser Sintering.
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              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
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              Y: 2026
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