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Supramolecularly engineered benzoxazine networks for intrinsic self-healing and shape memory applications.

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Title: Supramolecularly engineered benzoxazine networks for intrinsic self-healing and shape memory applications.
Authors: Revathi, A.1,2 (AUTHOR), Krishnadevi, K.3 (AUTHOR) krishchem05@gmail.com, Prasanna, D.4 (AUTHOR), Bharath, P.1 (AUTHOR), Ramachandhran, D.1 (AUTHOR) ittakavirc@gmail.com
Source: Journal of Polymer Research. Jun2026, Vol. 33 Issue 6, p1-14. 14p.
Subjects: Self-healing materials, Shape memory polymers, Polyurethanes, Thermal stability, Supramolecular chemistry, Antimicrobial polymers, Benzoxazines, Hydrogen bonding
Abstract: Bio-based poly(urethane-benzoxazine) networks exhibiting temperature assisted autonomous self-healing were engineered through reversible supramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. A renewable benzoxazine precursor was synthesized via a Mannich condensation of eugenol, JEFFAMINE T-403, and paraformaldehyde, and subsequently co-polymerized with 2-mercaptoethanol and controlled loadings of hexamethylene diisocyanate to generate hybrid thiol incorporated benzoxazine with polyurethane architectures. Structural elucidation of the monomer and polymer networks was confirmed by 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Thermal stability of the material was investigated using TGA and DSC, revealing tuneable thermal behaviour as a function of polyurethane content. The maximum degradation temperature of EJ polymer is 376 °C and the Tg values of polymer composites like P(EJ-n), P(EJ-SH), P(EJ-SH-co-PU1) and P(EJ-SH-co-PU2) is 238 °C, 241 °C, 268 °C, and 270 °C respectively. Self-healing performance was quantified using tensile testing and Shore-D hardness recovery across multiple healing cycles and the self-healing efficiency is up to 83%, and was supported by morphological assessment via SEM and optical microscopy. Contact angle measurements demonstrated increasing hydrophilicity with higher polyurethane incorporation, correlating with enhanced polymer chain mobility and dynamic supramolecular interactions responsible for efficient network reconfiguration and the contact angle reduction of EJ polymer composites is 100º to 88º. The cyclic shape-memory performance of P(EJ-SH-co-PU2) polymer is quantitatively calculated with shape fixity ratio (Rf) and shape recovery ratio (Rr) and it gives Rf ratio is > 93% and Rr ratio is > 92%. The materials displayed robust self-healing efficiency, thermomechanical stability, and noticeable shape memory behaviour arising from reversible urethane with thiol/benzoxazine hydrogen bonding moieties. Additionally, the hybrid polymers exhibited notable antimicrobial activity, underscoring their potential for high performance, multifunctional, and sustainable smart material applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Polymer Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 194937060
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  Data: Supramolecularly engineered benzoxazine networks for intrinsic self-healing and shape memory applications.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Revathi%2C+A%2E%22">Revathi, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Krishnadevi%2C+K%2E%22">Krishnadevi, K.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> krishchem05@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Prasanna%2C+D%2E%22">Prasanna, D.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bharath%2C+P%2E%22">Bharath, P.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ramachandhran%2C+D%2E%22">Ramachandhran, D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ittakavirc@gmail.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Polymer+Research%22">Journal of Polymer Research</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 33 Issue 6, p1-14. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self-healing+materials%22">Self-healing materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Shape+memory+polymers%22">Shape memory polymers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyurethanes%22">Polyurethanes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+stability%22">Thermal stability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Supramolecular+chemistry%22">Supramolecular chemistry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Antimicrobial+polymers%22">Antimicrobial polymers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Benzoxazines%22">Benzoxazines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrogen+bonding%22">Hydrogen bonding</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Bio-based poly(urethane-benzoxazine) networks exhibiting temperature assisted autonomous self-healing were engineered through reversible supramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. A renewable benzoxazine precursor was synthesized via a Mannich condensation of eugenol, JEFFAMINE T-403, and paraformaldehyde, and subsequently co-polymerized with 2-mercaptoethanol and controlled loadings of hexamethylene diisocyanate to generate hybrid thiol incorporated benzoxazine with polyurethane architectures. Structural elucidation of the monomer and polymer networks was confirmed by 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Thermal stability of the material was investigated using TGA and DSC, revealing tuneable thermal behaviour as a function of polyurethane content. The maximum degradation temperature of EJ polymer is 376 °C and the Tg values of polymer composites like P(EJ-n), P(EJ-SH), P(EJ-SH-co-PU1) and P(EJ-SH-co-PU2) is 238 °C, 241 °C, 268 °C, and 270 °C respectively. Self-healing performance was quantified using tensile testing and Shore-D hardness recovery across multiple healing cycles and the self-healing efficiency is up to 83%, and was supported by morphological assessment via SEM and optical microscopy. Contact angle measurements demonstrated increasing hydrophilicity with higher polyurethane incorporation, correlating with enhanced polymer chain mobility and dynamic supramolecular interactions responsible for efficient network reconfiguration and the contact angle reduction of EJ polymer composites is 100º to 88º. The cyclic shape-memory performance of P(EJ-SH-co-PU2) polymer is quantitatively calculated with shape fixity ratio (Rf) and shape recovery ratio (Rr) and it gives Rf ratio is > 93% and Rr ratio is > 92%. The materials displayed robust self-healing efficiency, thermomechanical stability, and noticeable shape memory behaviour arising from reversible urethane with thiol/benzoxazine hydrogen bonding moieties. Additionally, the hybrid polymers exhibited notable antimicrobial activity, underscoring their potential for high performance, multifunctional, and sustainable smart material applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Polymer Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10965-026-04973-9
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Self-healing materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Shape memory polymers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polyurethanes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thermal stability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Supramolecular chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Antimicrobial polymers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Benzoxazines
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrogen bonding
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Supramolecularly engineered benzoxazine networks for intrinsic self-healing and shape memory applications.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Revathi, A.
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            NameFull: Krishnadevi, K.
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            NameFull: Prasanna, D.
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            NameFull: Ramachandhran, D.
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 33
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