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Multi-doping of Ni, Ti, and Zr at the Fe site enables multifunctional performance in BiFeO3-based ceramics.

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Title: Multi-doping of Ni, Ti, and Zr at the Fe site enables multifunctional performance in BiFeO3-based ceramics.
Authors: Ben Salah, Nihed1 (AUTHOR), Kallel, Imen1 (AUTHOR), Tabellout, Mohamed2 (AUTHOR), Fernandes Graça, Manuel Pedro3 (AUTHOR), Abdelmoula, Najmeddine1 (AUTHOR), Benzarti, Zohra1,4 (AUTHOR) zohra.benzarti@dem.uc.pt
Source: Ceramics International. Jul2026, Vol. 52 Issue 18, p33457-33476. 20p.
Subjects: Bismuth iron oxide, Doping agents (Chemistry), Zirconium compounds, Thermistors, Thermal stability, Temperature coefficient of electric resistance
Abstract: In this study, lead-free multiferroic thermistor materials based on BiFeO 3 were developed by co-doping with titanium, zirconium, and nickel. The compound BiFe 0.95 [(Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1) 0.5 Ni 0.5 ] 0.05 O 3 (BFTZNO) was synthesized via a standard solid-state reaction route. X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectra indicated a rhombohedral R 3 c symmetry in the BFTZNO sample, exhibiting considerable distortion of the FeO 6 octahedron alongside a minor Bi 25 FeO 40 secondary phase (∼1.27%). A distinct thermal anomaly observed at approximately 584 K in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve corresponds to the Néel temperature (T N), characterized by an endothermic peak. Analysis of the dielectric data using a modified Cole–Cole model revealed a pronounced change in the relaxation frequency near T N , indicating the influence of magnetic ordering on the electrical transport behavior. Future direct magnetic field-dependent measurements are essential to confirm the presence of magnetoelectric coupling. The study of dielectric properties supports the presence of a negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR)-type conduction mechanism, as confirmed by the extracted parameters: the thermistor constant (B) ranging from 4280 to 15150 K within the temperature range of 480–717 K, and the sensitivity index (α) varying from −1.76% K−1 to −3.05 % K−1. Thermally stimulated polarization current (TSPC) and impedance measurements over ten thermal cycles up to 600 K demonstrated short-term stability. To validate long-term high-temperature reliability, an extended 120-h continuous isothermal aging test was performed at 700 K. The BFTZNO ceramic exhibited a minimal relative resistance drift of less than 5%. These results establish BFTZNO as a stable and suitable for high-temperature NTC thermistors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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  Data: Multi-doping of Ni, Ti, and Zr at the Fe site enables multifunctional performance in BiFeO3-based ceramics.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ceramics+International%22">Ceramics International</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 52 Issue 18, p33457-33476. 20p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bismuth+iron+oxide%22">Bismuth iron oxide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Doping+agents+%28Chemistry%29%22">Doping agents (Chemistry)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Zirconium+compounds%22">Zirconium compounds</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermistors%22">Thermistors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+stability%22">Thermal stability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Temperature+coefficient+of+electric+resistance%22">Temperature coefficient of electric resistance</searchLink>
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  Data: In this study, lead-free multiferroic thermistor materials based on BiFeO 3 were developed by co-doping with titanium, zirconium, and nickel. The compound BiFe 0.95 [(Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1) 0.5 Ni 0.5 ] 0.05 O 3 (BFTZNO) was synthesized via a standard solid-state reaction route. X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectra indicated a rhombohedral R 3 c symmetry in the BFTZNO sample, exhibiting considerable distortion of the FeO 6 octahedron alongside a minor Bi 25 FeO 40 secondary phase (∼1.27%). A distinct thermal anomaly observed at approximately 584 K in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve corresponds to the Néel temperature (T N), characterized by an endothermic peak. Analysis of the dielectric data using a modified Cole–Cole model revealed a pronounced change in the relaxation frequency near T N , indicating the influence of magnetic ordering on the electrical transport behavior. Future direct magnetic field-dependent measurements are essential to confirm the presence of magnetoelectric coupling. The study of dielectric properties supports the presence of a negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR)-type conduction mechanism, as confirmed by the extracted parameters: the thermistor constant (B) ranging from 4280 to 15150 K within the temperature range of 480–717 K, and the sensitivity index (α) varying from −1.76% K−1 to −3.05 % K−1. Thermally stimulated polarization current (TSPC) and impedance measurements over ten thermal cycles up to 600 K demonstrated short-term stability. To validate long-term high-temperature reliability, an extended 120-h continuous isothermal aging test was performed at 700 K. The BFTZNO ceramic exhibited a minimal relative resistance drift of less than 5%. These results establish BFTZNO as a stable and suitable for high-temperature NTC thermistors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.05.373
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 20
        StartPage: 33457
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Bismuth iron oxide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Doping agents (Chemistry)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Zirconium compounds
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thermistors
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      – SubjectFull: Thermal stability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Temperature coefficient of electric resistance
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Multi-doping of Ni, Ti, and Zr at the Fe site enables multifunctional performance in BiFeO3-based ceramics.
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            NameFull: Ben Salah, Nihed
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            NameFull: Kallel, Imen
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            NameFull: Abdelmoula, Najmeddine
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            – D: 06
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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