Interaction range of common goods shapes Black Queen dynamics beyond the cheater–cooperator narrative.

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Title: Interaction range of common goods shapes Black Queen dynamics beyond the cheater–cooperator narrative.
Authors: Fullmer, Matthew S.1 (AUTHOR) m.fullmer@auckland.ac.nz, van Dijk, Bram2 (AUTHOR) b.vandijk@uu.nl; bramvandijk88@gmail.com, Takeuchi, Nobuto1,3,4 (AUTHOR) nobuto.takeuchi@auckland.ac.nz
Source: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 7/1/2026, Vol. 293 Issue 2074, p1-12. 12p.
Subjects: Division of labor, Evolutionary models, Evolutionary theories
Abstract: Dependencies among microorganisms often appear mutualistic, as microbes grow faster together than alone. However, the Black Queen hypothesis (BQH) posits that these dependencies are underpinned by benefits from 'cheating' when others supply necessary common goods (CGs). The BQH often describes the evolution of a pair of ecotypes, a cooperator producing a CG and a cheater free-riding upon it. With multiple goods, their production can be centralized, with one ecotype producing everything and others cheating. We previously proposed an alternative BQH endpoint describing a community of 'mutual cheating', with production distributed over multiple interdependent ecotypes. Here, we present an individual-based eco-evolutionary model that predicts BQH dynamics resulting in various endpoints, including both distributed and centralizedproduction, and novel intermediate ecosystems involving apparent functional redundancy. These endpoints critically depend on the interaction range, the number of beneficiaries a producer can locally support. The intermediate ecosystems involve stable coexistence among ecotypes partially distributing production, with this coexistence punctuated by rare evolutionary transitions resulting in further distribution. These punctuated dynamics arise from cheaters stalling the division of labour by occupying the limited space within the producers' interaction ranges. Overall, our findings unveil complex evolutionary dynamics beyond the simple cheater–cooperator narrative, broadening the predictions of BQH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences is the property of Royal Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Interaction range of common goods shapes Black Queen dynamics beyond the cheater–cooperator narrative.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fullmer%2C+Matthew+S%2E%22">Fullmer, Matthew S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> m.fullmer@auckland.ac.nz</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22van+Dijk%2C+Bram%22">van Dijk, Bram</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> b.vandijk@uu.nl; bramvandijk88@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Takeuchi%2C+Nobuto%22">Takeuchi, Nobuto</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> nobuto.takeuchi@auckland.ac.nz</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+B%3A+Biological+Sciences%22">Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</searchLink>. 7/1/2026, Vol. 293 Issue 2074, p1-12. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Division+of+labor%22">Division of labor</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Evolutionary+models%22">Evolutionary models</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Evolutionary+theories%22">Evolutionary theories</searchLink>
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  Data: Dependencies among microorganisms often appear mutualistic, as microbes grow faster together than alone. However, the Black Queen hypothesis (BQH) posits that these dependencies are underpinned by benefits from 'cheating' when others supply necessary common goods (CGs). The BQH often describes the evolution of a pair of ecotypes, a cooperator producing a CG and a cheater free-riding upon it. With multiple goods, their production can be centralized, with one ecotype producing everything and others cheating. We previously proposed an alternative BQH endpoint describing a community of 'mutual cheating', with production distributed over multiple interdependent ecotypes. Here, we present an individual-based eco-evolutionary model that predicts BQH dynamics resulting in various endpoints, including both distributed and centralizedproduction, and novel intermediate ecosystems involving apparent functional redundancy. These endpoints critically depend on the interaction range, the number of beneficiaries a producer can locally support. The intermediate ecosystems involve stable coexistence among ecotypes partially distributing production, with this coexistence punctuated by rare evolutionary transitions resulting in further distribution. These punctuated dynamics arise from cheaters stalling the division of labour by occupying the limited space within the producers' interaction ranges. Overall, our findings unveil complex evolutionary dynamics beyond the simple cheater–cooperator narrative, broadening the predictions of BQH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences is the property of Royal Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1098/rspb.2026.0911
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
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      – SubjectFull: Division of labor
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      – SubjectFull: Evolutionary models
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      – SubjectFull: Evolutionary theories
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      – TitleFull: Interaction range of common goods shapes Black Queen dynamics beyond the cheater–cooperator narrative.
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              M: 07
              Text: 7/1/2026
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              Y: 2026
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