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The axially extended leading edge and internal substructures of large-scale rotating spokes in partially magnetized plasmas.

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Title: The axially extended leading edge and internal substructures of large-scale rotating spokes in partially magnetized plasmas.
Authors: Li, Chenyang1 (AUTHOR), Eremin, Denis2 (AUTHOR), Xu, Liang1 (AUTHOR) liangxu@suda.edu.cn
Source: Plasma Sources Science & Technology. 2026, Vol. 35 Issue 7, p1-8. 8p.
Subjects: Plasma instabilities, Plasma heating, Plasma stability, Plasma flow, Magnetic flux density
Abstract: In this Letter, we reveal the underlying physics of the rotating spoke morphology—the axially extended leading edge and internal substructures—in magnetron discharges using a two-dimensional particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions (PIC/MCC) approach. It is found that the spoke morphology is controlled by the axial profile of the external magnetic field. As the magnetic field gradient becomes more uniform, the cathode presheath penetrates further toward the anode. Consequently, the Simon–Hoh instability, which distorts the azimuthal equipotential lines and generates azimuthal electric fields, occurs closer to the anode. The resulting ∇ B induced electron heating then drives the formation of a spoke characterized by an axially extended leading edge. The internal substructures are identified as a lower hybrid drift instability, driven by the electron diamagnetic drift and E × B drift along the potential hump channel extending from the spoke region to the anode. These spoke morphology features—the axially extended leading edge and its internal substructures—are in good agreement with previous experimental observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Plasma Sources Science & Technology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 194992001
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: The axially extended leading edge and internal substructures of large-scale rotating spokes in partially magnetized plasmas.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Chenyang%22">Li, Chenyang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Eremin%2C+Denis%22">Eremin, Denis</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Liang%22">Xu, Liang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> liangxu@suda.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Plasma+Sources+Science+%26+Technology%22">Plasma Sources Science & Technology</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 35 Issue 7, p1-8. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plasma+instabilities%22">Plasma instabilities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plasma+heating%22">Plasma heating</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plasma+stability%22">Plasma stability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plasma+flow%22">Plasma flow</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+flux+density%22">Magnetic flux density</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: In this Letter, we reveal the underlying physics of the rotating spoke morphology—the axially extended leading edge and internal substructures—in magnetron discharges using a two-dimensional particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions (PIC/MCC) approach. It is found that the spoke morphology is controlled by the axial profile of the external magnetic field. As the magnetic field gradient becomes more uniform, the cathode presheath penetrates further toward the anode. Consequently, the Simon–Hoh instability, which distorts the azimuthal equipotential lines and generates azimuthal electric fields, occurs closer to the anode. The resulting ∇ B induced electron heating then drives the formation of a spoke characterized by an axially extended leading edge. The internal substructures are identified as a lower hybrid drift instability, driven by the electron diamagnetic drift and E × B drift along the potential hump channel extending from the spoke region to the anode. These spoke morphology features—the axially extended leading edge and its internal substructures—are in good agreement with previous experimental observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Plasma Sources Science & Technology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1088/1361-6595/ae80f6
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 8
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      – SubjectFull: Plasma instabilities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plasma heating
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plasma stability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plasma flow
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetic flux density
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: The axially extended leading edge and internal substructures of large-scale rotating spokes in partially magnetized plasmas.
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            NameFull: Li, Chenyang
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            NameFull: Eremin, Denis
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            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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            – TitleFull: Plasma Sources Science & Technology
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