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Real-time FPGA-LabVIEW homebuilt system for noise reduction in AFM imaging.

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Title: Real-time FPGA-LabVIEW homebuilt system for noise reduction in AFM imaging.
Authors: SUN, Qiuyuan1,2,3, YAO, Zhifei1,2,4, SUN, Jianheng1,2,3, ZHAO, Bohui1,2,4, ZHANG, Ketong1,2,3, YAO, Haoran1,2,3, WEI, Jiuyan1,2,3, WEN, Huanfei1,2,4, TANG, Jun1,2,3, MA, Zongmin1,2,3 mzmncit@163.com, LIU, Jun1,2,4
Source: Journal of Measurement Science & Instrumentation. Jun2026, Vol. 17 Issue 2, p355-366. 12p.
Subjects: Atomic force microscopy, Field programmable gate arrays, Real-time computing, LabVIEW (Computer software), Noise control, Signal-to-noise ratio, Vibration tests, Digital electric filters
Abstract: Atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe vibration monitoring is essential for achieving accurate nanoscale imaging and reliable signal interpretation. This paper presents a low-noise vibration detection method based on a real-time FPGA-LabVIEW homebuilt system. The FPGA receives signals from a quadrant photodiode (QPD), performs analog-to-digital conversion and parallel processing, and integrates cascaded digital filters for noise reduction. A finite impulse response (FIR) low-pass filter extracts the static spot position, while an infinite impulse response (IIR) band-pass filter preserves the probe's resonance vibrations. Compared with conventional analog detection, the proposed system reduces background noise by approximately 50% (measured as 50.23%), enhances the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from 15 dB to 20 dB, and maintains FPGA signal-processing latency below 5 µs. This work demonstrates that the proposed real-time FPGA-LabVIEW AFM noise optimization system significantly improves signal-to-noise ratio and real-time performance, providing a practical solution for high-precision, low-noise AFM imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
Description
Abstract:Atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe vibration monitoring is essential for achieving accurate nanoscale imaging and reliable signal interpretation. This paper presents a low-noise vibration detection method based on a real-time FPGA-LabVIEW homebuilt system. The FPGA receives signals from a quadrant photodiode (QPD), performs analog-to-digital conversion and parallel processing, and integrates cascaded digital filters for noise reduction. A finite impulse response (FIR) low-pass filter extracts the static spot position, while an infinite impulse response (IIR) band-pass filter preserves the probe's resonance vibrations. Compared with conventional analog detection, the proposed system reduces background noise by approximately 50% (measured as 50.23%), enhances the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from 15 dB to 20 dB, and maintains FPGA signal-processing latency below 5 µs. This work demonstrates that the proposed real-time FPGA-LabVIEW AFM noise optimization system significantly improves signal-to-noise ratio and real-time performance, providing a practical solution for high-precision, low-noise AFM imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:16748042
DOI:10.62756/jmsi.1674-8042.2026030