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Performance evaluation of polyamide membranes infused with TiO2, CuS, and XG nanoparticles for enhanced wastewater treatment.

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Title: Performance evaluation of polyamide membranes infused with TiO2, CuS, and XG nanoparticles for enhanced wastewater treatment.
Authors: Ravichandran, Sathish Raam1 (AUTHOR) sathishravi.m@gmail.com, Venkatachalam, Chitra Devi2 (AUTHOR), Sengottian, Mothil1 (AUTHOR), Gurusamy, Haribalan1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Separation Science & Technology. 2026, Vol. 61 Issue 13, p2359-2378. 20p.
Subjects: Polyamide membranes, Wastewater treatment, Xanthan gum, Ultrafiltration, Composite membranes (Chemistry), Copper sulfide, Titanium dioxide
Abstract: Polyamide (PA)-based ultrafiltration membranes offer low-cost and energy-efficient separation for wastewater treatment. In this study, nanocomposite PA membranes were synthesized using the non-solvent induced phase inversion (NIPS) technique with controlled thickness (200–400 µm) and incorporation of 0.1 wt.% titanium dioxide (TiO2), copper sulfide (CuS), and xanthan gum (XG) nanoparticles to enhance morphology, hydrophilicity, permeability, and mechanical strength. Nanofiller addition significantly improved the permeability–selectivity balance. The PA@TiO2 membrane exhibited the highest pure water flux of 250 ± 50 L/m2h, nearly ten times higher than pure PA (25 L/m2 h), due to enhanced porosity, improved pore interconnectivity, and Ti-OH functional groups that reduced water transport resistance. The PA@CuS membrane achieved superior BSA rejection of 85.23% compared to 71.89% for pure PA, along with a reduced contact angle of 33.13°, confirming enhanced hydrophilicity. PA@TiO2 also demonstrated 68% NaCl rejection and 56% dye rejection, with effective TSS, COD, and BOD removal in synthetic wastewater. Mechanical analysis showed significant reinforcement, with PA@XG exhibiting the highest tensile strength (3755 Pa). Overall, low nanoparticle loading and scalable NIPS fabrication produced durable, high-performance membranes suitable for sustainable ultrafiltration applications. HIGHLIGHTS: Incorporation of 0.1 wt.% Titanium dioxide, Copper sulfide and xanthan gum nanofillers via non-solvent induced phase inversion significantly enhanced permeability-selectivity balance of polyamide UF membranes. PA@TiO2 membrane achieved 10× higher pure water flux (250 ± 50 L/m2h) compared to pure PA (25 L/m2h). PA@CuS membrane exhibited superior BSA rejection (85.23%) with reduced mean pore size and improved surface hydrophilicity (contact angle 33.13°). Nanofiller incorporation improved mechanical strength, with PA@XG showing 5× higher tensile strength and enhanced modulus for pressure-driven stability. Low-cost, scalable phase inversion fabrication produced durable nanocomposite membranes suitable for sustainable ultrafiltration-based industrial wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Separation Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 195034877
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  Data: Performance evaluation of polyamide membranes infused with TiO<subscript>2</subscript>, CuS, and XG nanoparticles for enhanced wastewater treatment.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ravichandran%2C+Sathish+Raam%22">Ravichandran, Sathish Raam</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> sathishravi.m@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Venkatachalam%2C+Chitra+Devi%22">Venkatachalam, Chitra Devi</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sengottian%2C+Mothil%22">Sengottian, Mothil</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gurusamy%2C+Haribalan%22">Gurusamy, Haribalan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Separation+Science+%26+Technology%22">Separation Science & Technology</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 61 Issue 13, p2359-2378. 20p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyamide+membranes%22">Polyamide membranes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wastewater+treatment%22">Wastewater treatment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Xanthan+gum%22">Xanthan gum</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ultrafiltration%22">Ultrafiltration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Composite+membranes+%28Chemistry%29%22">Composite membranes (Chemistry)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Copper+sulfide%22">Copper sulfide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Titanium+dioxide%22">Titanium dioxide</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Polyamide (PA)-based ultrafiltration membranes offer low-cost and energy-efficient separation for wastewater treatment. In this study, nanocomposite PA membranes were synthesized using the non-solvent induced phase inversion (NIPS) technique with controlled thickness (200–400 µm) and incorporation of 0.1 wt.% titanium dioxide (TiO2), copper sulfide (CuS), and xanthan gum (XG) nanoparticles to enhance morphology, hydrophilicity, permeability, and mechanical strength. Nanofiller addition significantly improved the permeability–selectivity balance. The PA@TiO2 membrane exhibited the highest pure water flux of 250 ± 50 L/m2h, nearly ten times higher than pure PA (25 L/m2 h), due to enhanced porosity, improved pore interconnectivity, and Ti-OH functional groups that reduced water transport resistance. The PA@CuS membrane achieved superior BSA rejection of 85.23% compared to 71.89% for pure PA, along with a reduced contact angle of 33.13°, confirming enhanced hydrophilicity. PA@TiO2 also demonstrated 68% NaCl rejection and 56% dye rejection, with effective TSS, COD, and BOD removal in synthetic wastewater. Mechanical analysis showed significant reinforcement, with PA@XG exhibiting the highest tensile strength (3755 Pa). Overall, low nanoparticle loading and scalable NIPS fabrication produced durable, high-performance membranes suitable for sustainable ultrafiltration applications. HIGHLIGHTS: Incorporation of 0.1 wt.% Titanium dioxide, Copper sulfide and xanthan gum nanofillers via non-solvent induced phase inversion significantly enhanced permeability-selectivity balance of polyamide UF membranes. PA@TiO2 membrane achieved 10× higher pure water flux (250 ± 50 L/m2h) compared to pure PA (25 L/m2h). PA@CuS membrane exhibited superior BSA rejection (85.23%) with reduced mean pore size and improved surface hydrophilicity (contact angle 33.13°). Nanofiller incorporation improved mechanical strength, with PA@XG showing 5× higher tensile strength and enhanced modulus for pressure-driven stability. Low-cost, scalable phase inversion fabrication produced durable nanocomposite membranes suitable for sustainable ultrafiltration-based industrial wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Separation Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/01496395.2026.2658057
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 20
        StartPage: 2359
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Polyamide membranes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wastewater treatment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Xanthan gum
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ultrafiltration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Composite membranes (Chemistry)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Copper sulfide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Titanium dioxide
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Performance evaluation of polyamide membranes infused with TiO2, CuS, and XG nanoparticles for enhanced wastewater treatment.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Ravichandran, Sathish Raam
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            NameFull: Venkatachalam, Chitra Devi
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            NameFull: Sengottian, Mothil
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            NameFull: Gurusamy, Haribalan
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            – D: 01
              M: 09
              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 61
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              Value: 13
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            – TitleFull: Separation Science & Technology
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