A Hydro-Mechanical Investigation of the First M 4 + Seismicity Sequence in the Midland Basin, Texas.
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| Title: | A Hydro-Mechanical Investigation of the First M 4 + Seismicity Sequence in the Midland Basin, Texas. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Jin, Lei1 (AUTHOR) lei.jin@exxonmobil.com, Curry, William J.1 (AUTHOR), Hussenoeder, Stefan A.2 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering. Jun2026, Vol. 59 Issue 6, p5933-5961. 29p. |
| Subjects: | Induced seismicity, Strains & stresses (Mechanics), Computer simulation, Fault zones, Fluid mechanics, Earthquake swarms |
| Geographic Terms: | Texas |
| Abstract: | The M 4.2 2020 December Stanton, TX seismicity sequence marks the first of several M 4 + seismicity sequences in the Midland Basin. In this study, we investigate its causal link to the surrounding field-scale, multi-decadal, multi-zone saltwater disposal (SWD) by 180 + SWD wells through integrated data analysis and high-end hydro-geomechanical numerical modeling. We test six scenarios by permutating three fault upper extents and two fault-zone structures and interpret their plausibility based on their performance in reproducing seismicity onset and distribution as characterized by an aggregated earthquake catalog. We do so via Coulomb faulting analysis at inferred seismogenic depths complemented by rate-and-state friction-based seismological modeling on the event-hosting fault. Our analysis suggests that the basement-rooted faults, despite being poorly seen in the reflection seismic data, likely extend into the deep disposal interval but not the two shallower disposal intervals and contain impermeable fault gouge. The work also strongly suggests that the seismicity sequence was induced mainly by intermediate and deep SWD and negligibly by shallow SWD through an over three-decadal stressing process involving 10 + wells up to 60 km laterally away from the event epicenters. The joint stressing by a cluster of wells to the Northwest and a near-fault well produced two Coulomb stress lobes that explain the bifurcating seismicity near the top of the basement. Meanwhile, the mainshock was likely preceded by a half-year-long nucleation period, over which the joint stressing also drove the development of a seismicity funnel zone that explains the remaining seismicity in the basement. Highlights: We investigate the origin of the 1st M 4 + seismicity sequence in the Midland Basin via data integration and high-end finite element modeling We test six scenarios and infer their plausibility using Coulomb faulting and earthquake nucleation analysis The analysis helps constrain fault dimension and permeability structure Seismicity was driven mainly by intermediate and deep SWD involving 10 + wells dating back 30 + years There likely was a nucleation effect in the triggering process [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 195093709 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: A Hydro-Mechanical Investigation of the First M 4 + Seismicity Sequence in the Midland Basin, Texas. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jin%2C+Lei%22">Jin, Lei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> lei.jin@exxonmobil.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Curry%2C+William+J%2E%22">Curry, William J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hussenoeder%2C+Stefan+A%2E%22">Hussenoeder, Stefan A.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Rock+Mechanics+%26+Rock+Engineering%22">Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 59 Issue 6, p5933-5961. 29p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Induced+seismicity%22">Induced seismicity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Strains+%26+stresses+%28Mechanics%29%22">Strains & stresses (Mechanics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+simulation%22">Computer simulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fault+zones%22">Fault zones</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluid+mechanics%22">Fluid mechanics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Earthquake+swarms%22">Earthquake swarms</searchLink> – Name: SubjectGeographic Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Texas%22">Texas</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: The M 4.2 2020 December Stanton, TX seismicity sequence marks the first of several M 4 + seismicity sequences in the Midland Basin. In this study, we investigate its causal link to the surrounding field-scale, multi-decadal, multi-zone saltwater disposal (SWD) by 180 + SWD wells through integrated data analysis and high-end hydro-geomechanical numerical modeling. We test six scenarios by permutating three fault upper extents and two fault-zone structures and interpret their plausibility based on their performance in reproducing seismicity onset and distribution as characterized by an aggregated earthquake catalog. We do so via Coulomb faulting analysis at inferred seismogenic depths complemented by rate-and-state friction-based seismological modeling on the event-hosting fault. Our analysis suggests that the basement-rooted faults, despite being poorly seen in the reflection seismic data, likely extend into the deep disposal interval but not the two shallower disposal intervals and contain impermeable fault gouge. The work also strongly suggests that the seismicity sequence was induced mainly by intermediate and deep SWD and negligibly by shallow SWD through an over three-decadal stressing process involving 10 + wells up to 60 km laterally away from the event epicenters. The joint stressing by a cluster of wells to the Northwest and a near-fault well produced two Coulomb stress lobes that explain the bifurcating seismicity near the top of the basement. Meanwhile, the mainshock was likely preceded by a half-year-long nucleation period, over which the joint stressing also drove the development of a seismicity funnel zone that explains the remaining seismicity in the basement. Highlights: We investigate the origin of the 1st M 4 + seismicity sequence in the Midland Basin via data integration and high-end finite element modeling We test six scenarios and infer their plausibility using Coulomb faulting and earthquake nucleation analysis The analysis helps constrain fault dimension and permeability structure Seismicity was driven mainly by intermediate and deep SWD involving 10 + wells dating back 30 + years There likely was a nucleation effect in the triggering process [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s00603-024-04124-w Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 29 StartPage: 5933 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Induced seismicity Type: general – SubjectFull: Strains & stresses (Mechanics) Type: general – SubjectFull: Computer simulation Type: general – SubjectFull: Fault zones Type: general – SubjectFull: Fluid mechanics Type: general – SubjectFull: Earthquake swarms Type: general – SubjectFull: Texas Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: A Hydro-Mechanical Investigation of the First M 4 + Seismicity Sequence in the Midland Basin, Texas. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Jin, Lei – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Curry, William J. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hussenoeder, Stefan A. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 06 Text: Jun2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 07232632 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 59 – Type: issue Value: 6 Titles: – TitleFull: Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
