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pH influences on kinetics, bioconcentration, and internal disposition of diphenhydramine, a weakly basic pharmaceutical, in signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus).

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Title: pH influences on kinetics, bioconcentration, and internal disposition of diphenhydramine, a weakly basic pharmaceutical, in signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus).
Authors: Koubová, Anna1 (AUTHOR) akoubova@frov.jcu.cz, Sims, Jaylen L2,3 (AUTHOR), Kouba, Antonín4 (AUTHOR), Bořík, Adam3 (AUTHOR), Brooks, Bryan W5,6 (AUTHOR), Žlábek, Vladimír6 (AUTHOR)
Source: Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry. Jun2026, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p1589-1598. 10p.
Subjects: pH effect, Bioconcentration, Organic compounds, Drugs, Crayfish, Antihistamines, Chemical kinetics, Bioaccumulation
Abstract: Identification of bioaccumulative chemicals has largely relied on models and empirical data describing bioaccumulation of nonionizable organic chemicals in fish, but bioaccumulation research has remained understudied in other aquatic taxa, particularly for ionizable organic chemicals. We examined the influences of pH on uptake and elimination kinetics, bioconcentration factors (BCF), and internal disposition of diphenhydramine (DPH), a weakly basic pharmaceutical, in signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus. After a 10-day bioconcentration experiment (7 days of uptake, followed by 3 days of elimination) at pH 6.7 and 8.7, we analyzed DPH in water, crayfish hemolymph, and whole-body tissues using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. We then derived a hemolymph: water partition coefficient (PHWr) and estimated the apparent volume of distribution (VD) for DPH in crayfish. Consistent with previous observations in freshwater and estuarine fish, pH significantly (p < 0.05) altered DPH tissue levels and BCF in signal crayfish. However, PHWr values and steady state and kinetic-based BCFs for DPH were lower than similar observations in fish, and apparent VD values were markedly higher in crayfish (416–451) than in fish and humans. Our findings indicate that signal crayfish represent a suitable crustacean model to advance an understanding of ionizable organic contaminant bioaccumulation in invertebrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: pH influences on kinetics, bioconcentration, and internal disposition of diphenhydramine, a weakly basic pharmaceutical, in signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus).
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  Data: Identification of bioaccumulative chemicals has largely relied on models and empirical data describing bioaccumulation of nonionizable organic chemicals in fish, but bioaccumulation research has remained understudied in other aquatic taxa, particularly for ionizable organic chemicals. We examined the influences of pH on uptake and elimination kinetics, bioconcentration factors (BCF), and internal disposition of diphenhydramine (DPH), a weakly basic pharmaceutical, in signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus. After a 10-day bioconcentration experiment (7 days of uptake, followed by 3 days of elimination) at pH 6.7 and 8.7, we analyzed DPH in water, crayfish hemolymph, and whole-body tissues using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. We then derived a hemolymph: water partition coefficient (PHWr) and estimated the apparent volume of distribution (VD) for DPH in crayfish. Consistent with previous observations in freshwater and estuarine fish, pH significantly (p &lt; 0.05) altered DPH tissue levels and BCF in signal crayfish. However, PHWr values and steady state and kinetic-based BCFs for DPH were lower than similar observations in fish, and apparent VD values were markedly higher in crayfish (416–451) than in fish and humans. Our findings indicate that signal crayfish represent a suitable crustacean model to advance an understanding of ionizable organic contaminant bioaccumulation in invertebrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Environmental Toxicology &amp; Chemistry is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1093/etojnl/vgag087
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 1589
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: pH effect
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bioconcentration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Organic compounds
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drugs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Crayfish
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Antihistamines
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chemical kinetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bioaccumulation
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: pH influences on kinetics, bioconcentration, and internal disposition of diphenhydramine, a weakly basic pharmaceutical, in signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus).
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Koubová, Anna
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            NameFull: Sims, Jaylen L
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            NameFull: Kouba, Antonín
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            NameFull: Bořík, Adam
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            NameFull: Brooks, Bryan W
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 45
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