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Absorber‐Specific Energy–Transparency Trade‐Offs in Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells for BIPV: A Simulation‐Based Design Framework.

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Title: Absorber‐Specific Energy–Transparency Trade‐Offs in Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells for BIPV: A Simulation‐Based Design Framework.
Authors: Milani‬, Elmira Annabi1,2 (AUTHOR) elmira.milani@tabrizu.ac.ir, Asgari, Asghar1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Du, Cheng (AUTHOR) cdu@wiley.com
Source: International Journal of Energy Research. 7/7/2026, Vol. 2026, p1-20. 20p.
Subjects: Building-integrated photovoltaic systems, Transparency (Optics), Optoelectronic devices, Solar cell efficiency
Abstract: Semitransparent perovskite solar cells (ST‐PSCs) are promising candidates for building‐integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), where electrical energy generation must be balanced against visible transparency and visual comfort. In this study, we apply an experiment‐calibrated optical–electrical simulation framework to quantify absorber‐specific energy–transparency trade‐offs in MAPbI3‐ and CsPbBr3‐based ST‐PSCs. A drift–diffusion (DD) device model, calibrated against opaque reference cells, is coupled with transfer‐matrix optical calculations for multilayer stacks representative of BIPV glazing systems. Rather than introducing a new transport formalism, this work uses the established transfer matrix method (TMM)/DD methodology as a common benchmarking platform to isolate absorber‐ and interface‐dependent performance trends. Without refitting of electrical parameters, the model reproduces the J–V characteristics of both absorbers and enables predictive assessment across 15 ETL/HTL architectures. For each configuration, we simultaneously evaluate power conversion efficiency (PCE), average visible transmittance (AVT), light utilization efficiency (LUE), and colorimetric parameters relevant to building applications (CIELAB, CRI, and CCT). The results reveal a consistent absorber‐dependent trend: MAPbI3 enables higher PCE and LUE, making it suitable for energy‐focused façade integration, while CsPbBr3 provides higher AVT and more neutral transmitted color, favoring high‐transparency glazing. CuSCN‐based HTLs emerge as a robust choice for balancing carrier transport and optical quality. The main contribution of this study is an absorber‐specific design map that links materials selection, ETL/HTL engineering, and resistance balance to practical BIPV window and façade requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Energy Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Absorber‐Specific Energy–Transparency Trade‐Offs in Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells for BIPV: A Simulation‐Based Design Framework.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Milani‬%2C+Elmira+Annabi%22">Milani‬, Elmira Annabi</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> elmira.milani@tabrizu.ac.ir</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Asgari%2C+Asghar%22">Asgari, Asghar</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Du%2C+Cheng%22">Du, Cheng</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<i> cdu@wiley.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Energy+Research%22">International Journal of Energy Research</searchLink>. 7/7/2026, Vol. 2026, p1-20. 20p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Building-integrated+photovoltaic+systems%22">Building-integrated photovoltaic systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transparency+%28Optics%29%22">Transparency (Optics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optoelectronic+devices%22">Optoelectronic devices</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+cell+efficiency%22">Solar cell efficiency</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Semitransparent perovskite solar cells (ST‐PSCs) are promising candidates for building‐integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), where electrical energy generation must be balanced against visible transparency and visual comfort. In this study, we apply an experiment‐calibrated optical–electrical simulation framework to quantify absorber‐specific energy–transparency trade‐offs in MAPbI3‐ and CsPbBr3‐based ST‐PSCs. A drift–diffusion (DD) device model, calibrated against opaque reference cells, is coupled with transfer‐matrix optical calculations for multilayer stacks representative of BIPV glazing systems. Rather than introducing a new transport formalism, this work uses the established transfer matrix method (TMM)/DD methodology as a common benchmarking platform to isolate absorber‐ and interface‐dependent performance trends. Without refitting of electrical parameters, the model reproduces the J–V characteristics of both absorbers and enables predictive assessment across 15 ETL/HTL architectures. For each configuration, we simultaneously evaluate power conversion efficiency (PCE), average visible transmittance (AVT), light utilization efficiency (LUE), and colorimetric parameters relevant to building applications (CIELAB, CRI, and CCT). The results reveal a consistent absorber‐dependent trend: MAPbI3 enables higher PCE and LUE, making it suitable for energy‐focused façade integration, while CsPbBr3 provides higher AVT and more neutral transmitted color, favoring high‐transparency glazing. CuSCN‐based HTLs emerge as a robust choice for balancing carrier transport and optical quality. The main contribution of this study is an absorber‐specific design map that links materials selection, ETL/HTL engineering, and resistance balance to practical BIPV window and façade requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Energy Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1155/er/7606475
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 20
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      – SubjectFull: Building-integrated photovoltaic systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Transparency (Optics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Optoelectronic devices
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      – SubjectFull: Solar cell efficiency
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      – TitleFull: Absorber‐Specific Energy–Transparency Trade‐Offs in Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells for BIPV: A Simulation‐Based Design Framework.
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            NameFull: Milani‬, Elmira Annabi
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            NameFull: Asgari, Asghar
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              Text: 7/7/2026
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              Y: 2026
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