Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Mean Temperature in the Mediterranean Region and Its Comparison with Global, Hemispheric, and Continental Trends Based on ERA5 Reanalysis.
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| Title: | Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Mean Temperature in the Mediterranean Region and Its Comparison with Global, Hemispheric, and Continental Trends Based on ERA5 Reanalysis. |
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| Authors: | Burić, Dragan1 (AUTHOR) draganburic33@gmail.com |
| Source: | Pure & Applied Geophysics. Jun2026, Vol. 183 Issue 6, p3231-3251. 21p. |
| Subjects: | Mediterranean climate, Global temperature changes, Spatiotemporal processes, Atmospheric temperature, Climate change, Climate research |
| Geographic Terms: | Mediterranean Region |
| Abstract: | This study quantifies long-term changes in mean air temperature over the Mediterranean region and compares them with trends observed across broader spatial domains. High-resolution (0.25° × 0.25°) ERA5 temperature reanalysis data, produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts under the Copernicus Climate Change Service, were analyzed for the 85-year period 1940–2024. To ensure spatial representativeness, grid-cell values were cosine-weighted by latitude to account for differences in cell area. The Mediterranean domain comprises 13,585 grid cells, compared with 1,038,240 grid cells at the global scale. Data were retrieved via the Copernicus platform using the cdsapi library and processed in Python with the pandas package. Validation against in situ observations from Montenegro confirms the high consistency and reliability of the ERA5 temperature fields. Trend analysis reveals statistically significant warming in mean monthly, seasonal, and annual temperatures across 93–100% of the Mediterranean region. February, September, and November are the only months exhibiting non-significant trends over 11–25% of the domain. The most pronounced warming occurs over the Balkan Peninsula, Turkey, inland Spain, and northwestern Africa. Comparative analysis with 11 larger-scale regions (global mean, Northern and Southern Hemispheres, seven continents, and the Arctic) indicates that the Mediterranean ranks among the fastest-warming regions worldwide. Relative to the mid-twentieth century baseline, current mean annual temperatures are approximately 1.4–1.5 °C higher in the Mediterranean and Europe, while the Arctic shows an increase of up to 2.6 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Pure & Applied Geophysics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 195185322 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Mean Temperature in the Mediterranean Region and Its Comparison with Global, Hemispheric, and Continental Trends Based on ERA5 Reanalysis. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burić%2C+Dragan%22">Burić, Dragan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> draganburic33@gmail.com</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Pure+%26+Applied+Geophysics%22">Pure & Applied Geophysics</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 183 Issue 6, p3231-3251. 21p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mediterranean+climate%22">Mediterranean climate</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Global+temperature+changes%22">Global temperature changes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spatiotemporal+processes%22">Spatiotemporal processes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmospheric+temperature%22">Atmospheric temperature</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climate+change%22">Climate change</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climate+research%22">Climate research</searchLink> – Name: SubjectGeographic Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mediterranean+Region%22">Mediterranean Region</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: This study quantifies long-term changes in mean air temperature over the Mediterranean region and compares them with trends observed across broader spatial domains. High-resolution (0.25° × 0.25°) ERA5 temperature reanalysis data, produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts under the Copernicus Climate Change Service, were analyzed for the 85-year period 1940–2024. To ensure spatial representativeness, grid-cell values were cosine-weighted by latitude to account for differences in cell area. The Mediterranean domain comprises 13,585 grid cells, compared with 1,038,240 grid cells at the global scale. Data were retrieved via the Copernicus platform using the cdsapi library and processed in Python with the pandas package. Validation against in situ observations from Montenegro confirms the high consistency and reliability of the ERA5 temperature fields. Trend analysis reveals statistically significant warming in mean monthly, seasonal, and annual temperatures across 93–100% of the Mediterranean region. February, September, and November are the only months exhibiting non-significant trends over 11–25% of the domain. The most pronounced warming occurs over the Balkan Peninsula, Turkey, inland Spain, and northwestern Africa. Comparative analysis with 11 larger-scale regions (global mean, Northern and Southern Hemispheres, seven continents, and the Arctic) indicates that the Mediterranean ranks among the fastest-warming regions worldwide. Relative to the mid-twentieth century baseline, current mean annual temperatures are approximately 1.4–1.5 °C higher in the Mediterranean and Europe, while the Arctic shows an increase of up to 2.6 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Pure & Applied Geophysics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s00024-026-04002-2 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 21 StartPage: 3231 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Mediterranean climate Type: general – SubjectFull: Global temperature changes Type: general – SubjectFull: Spatiotemporal processes Type: general – SubjectFull: Atmospheric temperature Type: general – SubjectFull: Climate change Type: general – SubjectFull: Climate research Type: general – SubjectFull: Mediterranean Region Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Mean Temperature in the Mediterranean Region and Its Comparison with Global, Hemispheric, and Continental Trends Based on ERA5 Reanalysis. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Burić, Dragan IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 06 Text: Jun2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00334553 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 183 – Type: issue Value: 6 Titles: – TitleFull: Pure & Applied Geophysics Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
