Integrated optical and energy analysis of Mo-doped VO2 multilayer thermochromic smart windows for climate-responsive buildings.
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| Title: | Integrated optical and energy analysis of Mo-doped VO2 multilayer thermochromic smart windows for climate-responsive buildings. |
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| Authors: | Mozaffari, Samaneh1 (AUTHOR) s.mozaffari@cmu.ac.ir, Saadat, Mohsen2 (AUTHOR) saadat@phys.usb.ac.ir |
| Source: | Solar Energy. Sep2026, Vol. 315, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p. |
| Subjects: | Energy conservation in buildings, Optical multilayers, Solar heating, Multi-objective optimization, Visible spectra, Energy consumption |
| Abstract: | • Mo-doped VO 2 multilayer thermochromic windows are designed for high visible transmittance (T lum > 60%) and effective solar modulation. • Optical parameters are extracted from COMSOL simulations and integrated into DesignBuilder to evaluate building energy performance. • Pareto frontier analysis identifies the optimal trade-off between HVAC energy reduction and lighting comfort at different WWR. • The multilayer window significantly improves overall energy savings compared to single clear glass, particularly for south-facing orientations. Smart windows using Mo-doped VO 2 can effectively decrease energy use in buildings by regulating the amount of sunlight entering, while still allowing a high level of visible light to pass through. In this study, multilayer structures combining Mo-doped VO 2 with silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4) anti-reflective coating are designed in order to obtain both high level of visible light transmission (T lum > 60%) and significant solar modulation ability (ΔT sol > 10%). The optical parameters of the proposed windows are extracted from detailed numerical simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics using the Wave Optics module and then implemented in DesignBuilder to evaluate their effect on building energy performance under realistic climate conditions. The VO 2 (40 nm)/Si 3 N 4 (190 nm) configuration achieves superior optical performance, with T lum, avg = 60.32%, ΔT sol = 14.98% and ΔT NIR = 30.57%, while the three-layer structure, Si 3 N 4 (180 nm)/VO 2 (40 nm)/Si 3 N 4 (180 nm), delivers T lum, avg = 60%, ΔT sol = 9.19% and ΔT NIR = 22.14%. Energy simulations consider different window-to-window ratios (WWR) and orientations, analyzing both lighting and HVAC energy consumption to provide a comprehensive assessment. Pareto frontier analysis is employed to identify the trade-off balancing the reduction of overall energy consumption with the enhancement of natural daylight availability. A WWR of 0.6 emerges as the most balanced configuration for the proposed smart window. Compared to single clear glass, the optimized thermochromic window is achieved the highest energy saving ratio of 14.37% for the south-facing orientation, while the lowest increase in lighting energy consumption, 0.23% is observed for the west-facing orientation. These findings highlight the potential of multilayer Mo-doped VO 2 smart windows to simultaneously improve indoor visual comfort and energy efficiency, offering a practical, scalable, and climate-adaptive solution for next-generation energy-conscious buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Solar Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 195251943 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Integrated optical and energy analysis of Mo-doped VO2 multilayer thermochromic smart windows for climate-responsive buildings. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mozaffari%2C+Samaneh%22">Mozaffari, Samaneh</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> s.mozaffari@cmu.ac.ir</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Saadat%2C+Mohsen%22">Saadat, Mohsen</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> saadat@phys.usb.ac.ir</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Solar+Energy%22">Solar Energy</searchLink>. Sep2026, Vol. 315, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+conservation+in+buildings%22">Energy conservation in buildings</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optical+multilayers%22">Optical multilayers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+heating%22">Solar heating</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multi-objective+optimization%22">Multi-objective optimization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Visible+spectra%22">Visible spectra</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+consumption%22">Energy consumption</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: • Mo-doped VO 2 multilayer thermochromic windows are designed for high visible transmittance (T lum > 60%) and effective solar modulation. • Optical parameters are extracted from COMSOL simulations and integrated into DesignBuilder to evaluate building energy performance. • Pareto frontier analysis identifies the optimal trade-off between HVAC energy reduction and lighting comfort at different WWR. • The multilayer window significantly improves overall energy savings compared to single clear glass, particularly for south-facing orientations. Smart windows using Mo-doped VO 2 can effectively decrease energy use in buildings by regulating the amount of sunlight entering, while still allowing a high level of visible light to pass through. In this study, multilayer structures combining Mo-doped VO 2 with silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4) anti-reflective coating are designed in order to obtain both high level of visible light transmission (T lum > 60%) and significant solar modulation ability (ΔT sol > 10%). The optical parameters of the proposed windows are extracted from detailed numerical simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics using the Wave Optics module and then implemented in DesignBuilder to evaluate their effect on building energy performance under realistic climate conditions. The VO 2 (40 nm)/Si 3 N 4 (190 nm) configuration achieves superior optical performance, with T lum, avg = 60.32%, ΔT sol = 14.98% and ΔT NIR = 30.57%, while the three-layer structure, Si 3 N 4 (180 nm)/VO 2 (40 nm)/Si 3 N 4 (180 nm), delivers T lum, avg = 60%, ΔT sol = 9.19% and ΔT NIR = 22.14%. Energy simulations consider different window-to-window ratios (WWR) and orientations, analyzing both lighting and HVAC energy consumption to provide a comprehensive assessment. Pareto frontier analysis is employed to identify the trade-off balancing the reduction of overall energy consumption with the enhancement of natural daylight availability. A WWR of 0.6 emerges as the most balanced configuration for the proposed smart window. Compared to single clear glass, the optimized thermochromic window is achieved the highest energy saving ratio of 14.37% for the south-facing orientation, while the lowest increase in lighting energy consumption, 0.23% is observed for the west-facing orientation. These findings highlight the potential of multilayer Mo-doped VO 2 smart windows to simultaneously improve indoor visual comfort and energy efficiency, offering a practical, scalable, and climate-adaptive solution for next-generation energy-conscious buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Solar Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1016/j.solener.2026.114762 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 1 StartPage: N.PAG Subjects: – SubjectFull: Energy conservation in buildings Type: general – SubjectFull: Optical multilayers Type: general – SubjectFull: Solar heating Type: general – SubjectFull: Multi-objective optimization Type: general – SubjectFull: Visible spectra Type: general – SubjectFull: Energy consumption Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Integrated optical and energy analysis of Mo-doped VO2 multilayer thermochromic smart windows for climate-responsive buildings. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Mozaffari, Samaneh – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Saadat, Mohsen IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 09 Text: Sep2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 0038092X Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 315 Titles: – TitleFull: Solar Energy Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
