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Modelling experiments reveal fish swimming strategies in the vertical slot fishway: Insights from swimming behaviours, kinematics and trajectory energy benefits.

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Title: Modelling experiments reveal fish swimming strategies in the vertical slot fishway: Insights from swimming behaviours, kinematics and trajectory energy benefits.
Authors: Yan, Xiaoming1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Fei2 (AUTHOR), Cao, Chenyang1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Shikang1 (AUTHOR), Meng, Qihao1 (AUTHOR), Xi, Yuqian1 (AUTHOR), Ouyang, Lijian1,3 (AUTHOR), Yao, Weiwei1 (AUTHOR) science_research@126.cm
Source: Journal of Fish Biology. Jun2026, Vol. 108 Issue 6, p2010-2028. 19p.
Subjects: Kinematics, Fishways, Swimming techniques, Fish locomotion, Fish migration, Dams, Fluid flow
Abstract: The vertical slot fishway (VSF) has been widely installed to help fish pass hydropower dams, mitigating migration barriers from dam construction. Current research on VSF construction has not fully incorporated the fundamental principles of fish swimming kinematics and the quantification of trajectory characteristics, which is of great significance for optimizing existing VSFs and guiding future development. This study investigated the swimming behaviours, kinematics and trajectory characteristics of Procypris rabaudi (P.R.), Onychostoma sima (O.S.) and Squalidus argentatus (S.A.) in a VSF. Kinematics metrics included tail‐beat frequency, angle, amplitude, midline kinematics and wavelength. The results demonstrated that the passage rate for the three fish species (8–10 cm body length) decreased as the outlet velocity increased. Analysis of trajectory hydraulic complexity revealed that swimming along side walls and baffles provided greater energy benefits. Furthermore, fish exhibited the lowest tail‐beat frequency in recirculation zones, whereas the midline oscillation amplitude and wavelength progressively decreased from recirculation zones to the mainstream and slots. Long‐term retention behaviours were also observed to adversely affect passage efficiency. This study thereby enhances understanding of fish swimming strategies and trajectory characteristics in VSFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Fish Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 195290324
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Modelling experiments reveal fish swimming strategies in the vertical slot fishway: Insights from swimming behaviours, kinematics and trajectory energy benefits.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yan%2C+Xiaoming%22">Yan, Xiaoming</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Fei%22">Liu, Fei</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cao%2C+Chenyang%22">Cao, Chenyang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Shikang%22">Liu, Shikang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Meng%2C+Qihao%22">Meng, Qihao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xi%2C+Yuqian%22">Xi, Yuqian</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ouyang%2C+Lijian%22">Ouyang, Lijian</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yao%2C+Weiwei%22">Yao, Weiwei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> science_research@126.cm</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Fish+Biology%22">Journal of Fish Biology</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 108 Issue 6, p2010-2028. 19p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kinematics%22">Kinematics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fishways%22">Fishways</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Swimming+techniques%22">Swimming techniques</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fish+locomotion%22">Fish locomotion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fish+migration%22">Fish migration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dams%22">Dams</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluid+flow%22">Fluid flow</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The vertical slot fishway (VSF) has been widely installed to help fish pass hydropower dams, mitigating migration barriers from dam construction. Current research on VSF construction has not fully incorporated the fundamental principles of fish swimming kinematics and the quantification of trajectory characteristics, which is of great significance for optimizing existing VSFs and guiding future development. This study investigated the swimming behaviours, kinematics and trajectory characteristics of Procypris rabaudi (P.R.), Onychostoma sima (O.S.) and Squalidus argentatus (S.A.) in a VSF. Kinematics metrics included tail‐beat frequency, angle, amplitude, midline kinematics and wavelength. The results demonstrated that the passage rate for the three fish species (8–10 cm body length) decreased as the outlet velocity increased. Analysis of trajectory hydraulic complexity revealed that swimming along side walls and baffles provided greater energy benefits. Furthermore, fish exhibited the lowest tail‐beat frequency in recirculation zones, whereas the midline oscillation amplitude and wavelength progressively decreased from recirculation zones to the mainstream and slots. Long‐term retention behaviours were also observed to adversely affect passage efficiency. This study thereby enhances understanding of fish swimming strategies and trajectory characteristics in VSFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Fish Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/jfb.70368
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 2010
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Kinematics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fishways
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Swimming techniques
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fish locomotion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fish migration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dams
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fluid flow
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Modelling experiments reveal fish swimming strategies in the vertical slot fishway: Insights from swimming behaviours, kinematics and trajectory energy benefits.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Yan, Xiaoming
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            NameFull: Liu, Fei
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            NameFull: Cao, Chenyang
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            NameFull: Liu, Shikang
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            NameFull: Meng, Qihao
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            NameFull: Xi, Yuqian
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 00221112
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              Value: 108
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Fish Biology
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