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Structural Characteristics and Properties of Zinc Coatings on Steel Structural Elements.

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Title: Structural Characteristics and Properties of Zinc Coatings on Steel Structural Elements.
Authors: Witkowska, Małgorzata1 (AUTHOR), Kowalski, Marcin2 (AUTHOR) chronows@agh.edu.pl, Kowalska, Joanna1,3 (AUTHOR), Chronowska-Przywara, Kinga1,3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Jul2026, Vol. 19 Issue 13, p2727. 17p.
Subjects: Protective coatings, Galvanizing, Mechanical behavior of materials, Structural steel, Surface interactions, Metallography, X-ray diffraction, Material erosion
Abstract: Highlights: Metallographic analysis revealed a multilayer structure composed of η, ζ, δ, and Γ phases with distinct chemical compositions. Hot dip zinc coatings produced on S235JR steel demonstrated good adhesion and structural stability. The study included metallographic, mechanical, diffraction, and tribological analyses, confirming the functional performance of the coatings. This paper presents the structural characterization of zinc coatings on S235JR steel elements. The study offers a novel and comprehensive assessment of zinc coatings applied to profiled steel elements through hot-dip galvanizing. It examines coatings formed under real industrial production conditions, providing practical insight into their behavior on complex geometries. The characterization includes metallographic, mechanical, diffraction, and tribological tests. Metallographic observations revealed the layered structure of zinc coatings, consisting of the η, ζ, δ, and Γ phases, each with varying chemical compositions and microhardness. All coatings exhibited similar resistance to damage initiation; however, microscopic analysis revealed differences in their subsequent degradation. The thickest coating showed earlier formation of adhesive cracks, indicating increased stress concentration and a faster progression of damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 195440652
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  Data: Structural Characteristics and Properties of Zinc Coatings on Steel Structural Elements.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Witkowska%2C+Małgorzata%22">Witkowska, Małgorzata</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kowalski%2C+Marcin%22">Kowalski, Marcin</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> chronows@agh.edu.pl</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kowalska%2C+Joanna%22">Kowalska, Joanna</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chronowska-Przywara%2C+Kinga%22">Chronowska-Przywara, Kinga</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 19 Issue 13, p2727. 17p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Protective+coatings%22">Protective coatings</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Galvanizing%22">Galvanizing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+steel%22">Structural steel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+interactions%22">Surface interactions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metallography%22">Metallography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22X-ray+diffraction%22">X-ray diffraction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Material+erosion%22">Material erosion</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Highlights: Metallographic analysis revealed a multilayer structure composed of η, ζ, δ, and Γ phases with distinct chemical compositions. Hot dip zinc coatings produced on S235JR steel demonstrated good adhesion and structural stability. The study included metallographic, mechanical, diffraction, and tribological analyses, confirming the functional performance of the coatings. This paper presents the structural characterization of zinc coatings on S235JR steel elements. The study offers a novel and comprehensive assessment of zinc coatings applied to profiled steel elements through hot-dip galvanizing. It examines coatings formed under real industrial production conditions, providing practical insight into their behavior on complex geometries. The characterization includes metallographic, mechanical, diffraction, and tribological tests. Metallographic observations revealed the layered structure of zinc coatings, consisting of the η, ζ, δ, and Γ phases, each with varying chemical compositions and microhardness. All coatings exhibited similar resistance to damage initiation; however, microscopic analysis revealed differences in their subsequent degradation. The thickest coating showed earlier formation of adhesive cracks, indicating increased stress concentration and a faster progression of damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/ma19132727
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 2727
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      – SubjectFull: Protective coatings
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Galvanizing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Structural steel
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Surface interactions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metallography
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: X-ray diffraction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Material erosion
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Structural Characteristics and Properties of Zinc Coatings on Steel Structural Elements.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Witkowska, Małgorzata
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          Name:
            NameFull: Kowalski, Marcin
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            NameFull: Kowalska, Joanna
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            NameFull: Chronowska-Przywara, Kinga
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19
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              Value: 13
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            – TitleFull: Materials (1996-1944)
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