Advanced Catalytic Oxirane Formation and Ring‐Opening of Brassica carinata (S‐67) Seed Oil for Eco‐Friendly Biolubricant Synthesis via a Novel CaO/SO42−/SnO2 Heterogeneous Catalyst.
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| Title: | Advanced Catalytic Oxirane Formation and Ring‐Opening of Brassica carinata (S‐67) Seed Oil for Eco‐Friendly Biolubricant Synthesis via a Novel CaO/SO |
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| Authors: | Degaga, Yohannes Assefa1,2 (AUTHOR) yohannes.assefa@ddu.edu.et, Kassahun, Shimelis Kebede1 (AUTHOR), Tiruneh, Sintayehu Nibret1 (AUTHOR), Biswas, Arnab (AUTHOR) arnbiswas@wiley.com |
| Source: | International Journal of Chemical Engineering (1687806X). 7/20/2026, Vol. 2026, p1-19. 19p. |
| Subjects: | Heterogeneous catalysts, Epoxidation, Synthetic lubricants, Nanoparticles, Ring-opening reactions, Vegetable oils |
| Abstract: | Driven by the increasing demand for sustainable alternatives to petroleum‐based lubricants, this work presents a novel and efficient route for synthesizing eco‐friendly biolubricants from Brassica carinata (S‐67) seed oil through catalytic epoxidation and ring‐opening reactions. The process employs a newly developed CaO/SO42−/SnO2 heterogeneous nanocatalyst synthesized via a green method using Ruta chalepensis leaf extract, offering a sustainable and high‐performance pathway for biolubricant production. Comprehensive characterization via XRF, BET, SEM–EDX, FTIR, XRD, and TGA revealed the catalyst's bifunctional acid–base properties, with 44.38% CaO, 14.58% SO42−, and 39.84% SnO2 composition, a surface area of 123 m2/g, and thermal stability up to 550°C. Central composite design optimization of epoxidation achieved 94.8% conversion at a 2.34 mol/mol H2O2/BCO ratio, 60°C, and 4.5 wt% catalyst loading. The developed model was statistically validated by ANOVA (F = 1852.73, p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.9994, adjusted R2 = 0.9989), indicating excellent model adequacy and strong correlation between predicted and experimental values. Subsequent ring‐opening with methanol yielded biolubricants at 98.67% ring‐opening conversion. The resulting biolubricant exhibited a high viscosity index (189), elevated flash point (290°C), excellent biodegradability (95%), and favorable kinematic viscosity (29 cSt at 40°C), outperforming the ISO VG‐32 standard lubricants as evaluated according to ASTM D445 and ASTM D2270 methods. FTIR analysis confirmed structural transformations, including ester carbonyl formation (1700 cm−1) and C=C bond attenuation. These results position the catalyst and process as a viable pathway for eco‐friendly lubricant production, with future research recommended to optimize catalyst stoichiometry and validate industrial applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Abstract: | Driven by the increasing demand for sustainable alternatives to petroleum‐based lubricants, this work presents a novel and efficient route for synthesizing eco‐friendly biolubricants from Brassica carinata (S‐67) seed oil through catalytic epoxidation and ring‐opening reactions. The process employs a newly developed CaO/SO42−/SnO2 heterogeneous nanocatalyst synthesized via a green method using Ruta chalepensis leaf extract, offering a sustainable and high‐performance pathway for biolubricant production. Comprehensive characterization via XRF, BET, SEM–EDX, FTIR, XRD, and TGA revealed the catalyst's bifunctional acid–base properties, with 44.38% CaO, 14.58% SO42−, and 39.84% SnO2 composition, a surface area of 123 m2/g, and thermal stability up to 550°C. Central composite design optimization of epoxidation achieved 94.8% conversion at a 2.34 mol/mol H2O2/BCO ratio, 60°C, and 4.5 wt% catalyst loading. The developed model was statistically validated by ANOVA (F = 1852.73, p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.9994, adjusted R2 = 0.9989), indicating excellent model adequacy and strong correlation between predicted and experimental values. Subsequent ring‐opening with methanol yielded biolubricants at 98.67% ring‐opening conversion. The resulting biolubricant exhibited a high viscosity index (189), elevated flash point (290°C), excellent biodegradability (95%), and favorable kinematic viscosity (29 cSt at 40°C), outperforming the ISO VG‐32 standard lubricants as evaluated according to ASTM D445 and ASTM D2270 methods. FTIR analysis confirmed structural transformations, including ester carbonyl formation (1700 cm−1) and C=C bond attenuation. These results position the catalyst and process as a viable pathway for eco‐friendly lubricant production, with future research recommended to optimize catalyst stoichiometry and validate industrial applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 1687806X |
| DOI: | 10.1155/ijce/7253191 |
