Effect of Fe Content on the Microstructure Evolution and Deformation Mechanism of Warm-Rolled Cu-Fe Alloy.
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| Title: | Effect of Fe Content on the Microstructure Evolution and Deformation Mechanism of Warm-Rolled Cu-Fe Alloy. |
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| Authors: | Lin, Baosen1 (AUTHOR), Huang, Su1,2 (AUTHOR), Tang, Shuai1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Dongxiao2 (AUTHOR), Li, Jianping1 (AUTHOR) ljp@mail.neu.edu.cn |
| Source: | Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Jul2026, Vol. 16 Issue 14, p839. 19p. |
| Subjects: | Iron-copper alloys, Microstructure, Metalwork, Phase transitions, Electric conductivity, Mechanical behavior of materials, Texture analysis (Image processing), Deformations (Mechanics) |
| Abstract: | Cu–Fe alloys combine the high electrical conductivity of Cu with the strengthening and magnetic contributions of Fe, making them promising high-strength, electrically conductive functional materials. However, for high-Fe Cu–Fe alloys with Fe contents exceeding 10 wt.%, the microstructural response, texture evolution, and two-phase deformation partitioning during warm rolling remain insufficiently understood. In this study, Cu–10Fe, Cu–15Fe, and Cu–20Fe alloys were investigated to clarify the effect of Fe content on microstructure evolution, texture characteristics, deformation behavior, and property balance after single-pass warm rolling at 500 °C with a 50% reduction. The results show that, as the Fe content increased from 10% to 20%, the Fe-rich phase became progressively denser after warm rolling and gradually transformed from discrete spherical/spindle-like particles into fibrous structures distributed along the rolling direction, while the average grain size of the alloy decreased. EBSD analysis indicates that increasing Fe content weakened the preferred orientation of the Cu matrix. The maximum texture intensity of the Cu matrix decreased from 5.08 to 4.21, and texture showed a weakening trend. The mechanical properties show that, with increasing Fe content, the ultimate tensile strength increased from 434 MPa to 514 MPa, whereas the elongation decreased from 10.7% to 5.1%. This indicates that the increased amount of Fe-rich phase enhanced strength but reduced plasticity; nevertheless, dynamic recovery and local recrystallization induced by warm rolling helped maintain a certain degree of ductility. The electrical conductivity decreased from 19.43% IACS to 16.71% IACS with increasing Fe content, corresponding to a decrease of only approximately 2.7% IACS, suggesting that warm rolling partially mitigated the negative effect of increasing Fe content on electrical conductivity. Based on the combined microstructural, texture, and KAM/GND analyses, the deformation behavior of the alloys with increasing Fe content exhibited a transition from heterogeneous deformation dominated by the Cu matrix/interface to cooperative deformation involving the Fe-rich phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 195800452 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Effect of Fe Content on the Microstructure Evolution and Deformation Mechanism of Warm-Rolled Cu-Fe Alloy. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lin%2C+Baosen%22">Lin, Baosen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Su%22">Huang, Su</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tang%2C+Shuai%22">Tang, Shuai</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Dongxiao%22">Wang, Dongxiao</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Jianping%22">Li, Jianping</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ljp@mail.neu.edu.cn</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 16 Issue 14, p839. 19p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Iron-copper+alloys%22">Iron-copper alloys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microstructure%22">Microstructure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metalwork%22">Metalwork</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase+transitions%22">Phase transitions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+conductivity%22">Electric conductivity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Texture+analysis+%28Image+processing%29%22">Texture analysis (Image processing)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deformations+%28Mechanics%29%22">Deformations (Mechanics)</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Cu–Fe alloys combine the high electrical conductivity of Cu with the strengthening and magnetic contributions of Fe, making them promising high-strength, electrically conductive functional materials. However, for high-Fe Cu–Fe alloys with Fe contents exceeding 10 wt.%, the microstructural response, texture evolution, and two-phase deformation partitioning during warm rolling remain insufficiently understood. In this study, Cu–10Fe, Cu–15Fe, and Cu–20Fe alloys were investigated to clarify the effect of Fe content on microstructure evolution, texture characteristics, deformation behavior, and property balance after single-pass warm rolling at 500 °C with a 50% reduction. The results show that, as the Fe content increased from 10% to 20%, the Fe-rich phase became progressively denser after warm rolling and gradually transformed from discrete spherical/spindle-like particles into fibrous structures distributed along the rolling direction, while the average grain size of the alloy decreased. EBSD analysis indicates that increasing Fe content weakened the preferred orientation of the Cu matrix. The maximum texture intensity of the Cu matrix decreased from 5.08 to 4.21, and texture showed a weakening trend. The mechanical properties show that, with increasing Fe content, the ultimate tensile strength increased from 434 MPa to 514 MPa, whereas the elongation decreased from 10.7% to 5.1%. This indicates that the increased amount of Fe-rich phase enhanced strength but reduced plasticity; nevertheless, dynamic recovery and local recrystallization induced by warm rolling helped maintain a certain degree of ductility. The electrical conductivity decreased from 19.43% IACS to 16.71% IACS with increasing Fe content, corresponding to a decrease of only approximately 2.7% IACS, suggesting that warm rolling partially mitigated the negative effect of increasing Fe content on electrical conductivity. Based on the combined microstructural, texture, and KAM/GND analyses, the deformation behavior of the alloys with increasing Fe content exhibited a transition from heterogeneous deformation dominated by the Cu matrix/interface to cooperative deformation involving the Fe-rich phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/nano16140839 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 19 StartPage: 839 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Iron-copper alloys Type: general – SubjectFull: Microstructure Type: general – SubjectFull: Metalwork Type: general – SubjectFull: Phase transitions Type: general – SubjectFull: Electric conductivity Type: general – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials Type: general – SubjectFull: Texture analysis (Image processing) Type: general – SubjectFull: Deformations (Mechanics) Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Effect of Fe Content on the Microstructure Evolution and Deformation Mechanism of Warm-Rolled Cu-Fe Alloy. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Lin, Baosen – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Huang, Su – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Tang, Shuai – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wang, Dongxiao – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Li, Jianping IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 07 Text: Jul2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 20794991 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 16 – Type: issue Value: 14 Titles: – TitleFull: Nanomaterials (2079-4991) Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
