Load Frequency Regulation of Renewable-Integrated Power System Using Novel Fractional and Degree of Freedom-Based Controller with Real-Time Validation.
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| Title: | Load Frequency Regulation of Renewable-Integrated Power System Using Novel Fractional and Degree of Freedom-Based Controller with Real-Time Validation. |
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| Authors: | Amarendra, Kona1 (AUTHOR), Teeparthi, Kiran1,2 (AUTHOR) muralisai333@gmail.com, Sariki, Murali1,3 (AUTHOR), Pavan Kumar, Yellapragada Venkata2,4 (AUTHOR), D.M., Vinod Kumar1,3 (AUTHOR), Mallipeddi, Rammohan2,4 (AUTHOR) mallipeddi@knu.ac.kr |
| Source: | Energies (19961073). Jul2026, Vol. 19 Issue 14, p3401. 27p. |
| Subjects: | PID controllers, Electric power system stability, Metaheuristic algorithms, Hardware-in-the-loop simulation, Feedback control systems, Clean energy, Energy storage |
| Abstract: | Microgrid integration introduces fast, stochastic disturbances that challenge frequency stability. This paper presents a two-degree-of-freedom fractional-order proportional tilt integral derivative plus one controller (2DOF-FOPTID+1) tuned with a Modified Walrus Optimization Algorithm (MWA) to mitigate frequency deviations while preserving tracking performance. The novelty lies in jointly deploying a 2DOF-FOPTID+1 structure for decoupled tracking and regulation, an MWA-based tuning strategy tailored for resilient frequency control, and the explicit use of aggregated electric vehicles as fast distributed storage to damp frequency and tie-line power excursions; hardware-in-the-loop validation using an OPAL-RT platform is included to demonstrate practical feasibility. The controller is evaluated under step and random load variations, and robustness is examined for ± 25 % parameter perturbations and stochastic renewable inputs. Compared with the strong baselines PID, FOPID, 2DOF-PID, and FOPTID, the proposed approach reduces settling time by up to 39.27% and lowers peak-to-peak frequency deviation by about 20.88% under these operating scenarios, indicating a practical and effective solution for enhancing frequency resilience in microgrid-integrated power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Energies (19961073) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 195802005 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Load Frequency Regulation of Renewable-Integrated Power System Using Novel Fractional and Degree of Freedom-Based Controller with Real-Time Validation. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Amarendra%2C+Kona%22">Amarendra, Kona</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Teeparthi%2C+Kiran%22">Teeparthi, Kiran</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> muralisai333@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sariki%2C+Murali%22">Sariki, Murali</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pavan+Kumar%2C+Yellapragada+Venkata%22">Pavan Kumar, Yellapragada Venkata</searchLink><relatesTo>2,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22D%2EM%2E%2C+Vinod+Kumar%22">D.M., Vinod Kumar</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mallipeddi%2C+Rammohan%22">Mallipeddi, Rammohan</searchLink><relatesTo>2,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mallipeddi@knu.ac.kr</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 19 Issue 14, p3401. 27p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PID+controllers%22">PID controllers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+power+system+stability%22">Electric power system stability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metaheuristic+algorithms%22">Metaheuristic algorithms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hardware-in-the-loop+simulation%22">Hardware-in-the-loop simulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Feedback+control+systems%22">Feedback control systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Clean+energy%22">Clean energy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+storage%22">Energy storage</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Microgrid integration introduces fast, stochastic disturbances that challenge frequency stability. This paper presents a two-degree-of-freedom fractional-order proportional tilt integral derivative plus one controller (2DOF-FOPTID+1) tuned with a Modified Walrus Optimization Algorithm (MWA) to mitigate frequency deviations while preserving tracking performance. The novelty lies in jointly deploying a 2DOF-FOPTID+1 structure for decoupled tracking and regulation, an MWA-based tuning strategy tailored for resilient frequency control, and the explicit use of aggregated electric vehicles as fast distributed storage to damp frequency and tie-line power excursions; hardware-in-the-loop validation using an OPAL-RT platform is included to demonstrate practical feasibility. The controller is evaluated under step and random load variations, and robustness is examined for ± 25 % parameter perturbations and stochastic renewable inputs. Compared with the strong baselines PID, FOPID, 2DOF-PID, and FOPTID, the proposed approach reduces settling time by up to 39.27% and lowers peak-to-peak frequency deviation by about 20.88% under these operating scenarios, indicating a practical and effective solution for enhancing frequency resilience in microgrid-integrated power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Energies (19961073) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/en19143401 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 27 StartPage: 3401 Subjects: – SubjectFull: PID controllers Type: general – SubjectFull: Electric power system stability Type: general – SubjectFull: Metaheuristic algorithms Type: general – SubjectFull: Hardware-in-the-loop simulation Type: general – SubjectFull: Feedback control systems Type: general – SubjectFull: Clean energy Type: general – SubjectFull: Energy storage Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Load Frequency Regulation of Renewable-Integrated Power System Using Novel Fractional and Degree of Freedom-Based Controller with Real-Time Validation. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Amarendra, Kona – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Teeparthi, Kiran – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sariki, Murali – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Pavan Kumar, Yellapragada Venkata – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: D.M., Vinod Kumar – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Mallipeddi, Rammohan IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 07 Text: Jul2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 19961073 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 19 – Type: issue Value: 14 Titles: – TitleFull: Energies (19961073) Type: main |
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