Evaluation of non-destructive testing methods for concrete defects in connection components of modular integrated construction.

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Title: Evaluation of non-destructive testing methods for concrete defects in connection components of modular integrated construction.
Authors: Luo, Wei1,2 (AUTHOR), Zou, Dujian1,2 (AUTHOR), Sun, Yuze1,2 (AUTHOR), Liu, Tiejun1,2 (AUTHOR) liutiejun@hit.edu.cn, Liu, Pengyuan3 (AUTHOR), He, Jingbo4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Advances in Structural Engineering. Oct2026, Vol. 29 Issue 14, p2875-2895. 21p.
Subjects: Nondestructive testing, Ultrasonic testing, Modular construction, Ground penetrating radar, Debonding, Thermography
Abstract: Modular Integrated Construction (MiC) is gaining popularity for high quality, fast construction, and lower pollution. Precast concrete modules are assembled on-site, with cast-in-place shear walls connecting them. However, poor construction and inadequate concrete vibration could cause voids and delamination. Prompt detection of these defects is vital for maintaining structural integrity. This paper examines the detection abilities of impact echo (IE), ultrasonic testing (UT), infrared thermography (IRT), and ground penetrating radar (GPR) for interfacial delamination and internal voids in shear walls between modules. By analyzing variations in the IE dominant frequency, minor delamination (50 mm × 50 mm) and voids (40 mm × 40 mm), as well as deep voids up to 240 mm in depth, can be identified. Defects reduce ultrasonic amplitude and increase time-of-flight. However, UT is less effective for minor and deep defects. By observing surface temperature changes, the IRT can detect shallow defects up to a depth of 60 mm. GPR cannot detect defects due to the dense rebar in the concrete slab. In summary, IE is best suited for detecting defects in shear walls between modules. This study offers a solution for the on-site detection of typical connection components in MiC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Advances in Structural Engineering is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Evaluation of non-destructive testing methods for concrete defects in connection components of modular integrated construction.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luo%2C+Wei%22">Luo, Wei</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zou%2C+Dujian%22">Zou, Dujian</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sun%2C+Yuze%22">Sun, Yuze</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Tiejun%22">Liu, Tiejun</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> liutiejun@hit.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Pengyuan%22">Liu, Pengyuan</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22He%2C+Jingbo%22">He, Jingbo</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Advances+in+Structural+Engineering%22">Advances in Structural Engineering</searchLink>. Oct2026, Vol. 29 Issue 14, p2875-2895. 21p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nondestructive+testing%22">Nondestructive testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ultrasonic+testing%22">Ultrasonic testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Modular+construction%22">Modular construction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ground+penetrating+radar%22">Ground penetrating radar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Debonding%22">Debonding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermography%22">Thermography</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Modular Integrated Construction (MiC) is gaining popularity for high quality, fast construction, and lower pollution. Precast concrete modules are assembled on-site, with cast-in-place shear walls connecting them. However, poor construction and inadequate concrete vibration could cause voids and delamination. Prompt detection of these defects is vital for maintaining structural integrity. This paper examines the detection abilities of impact echo (IE), ultrasonic testing (UT), infrared thermography (IRT), and ground penetrating radar (GPR) for interfacial delamination and internal voids in shear walls between modules. By analyzing variations in the IE dominant frequency, minor delamination (50 mm × 50 mm) and voids (40 mm × 40 mm), as well as deep voids up to 240 mm in depth, can be identified. Defects reduce ultrasonic amplitude and increase time-of-flight. However, UT is less effective for minor and deep defects. By observing surface temperature changes, the IRT can detect shallow defects up to a depth of 60 mm. GPR cannot detect defects due to the dense rebar in the concrete slab. In summary, IE is best suited for detecting defects in shear walls between modules. This study offers a solution for the on-site detection of typical connection components in MiC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Advances in Structural Engineering is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1177/13694332261428188
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Nondestructive testing
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      – SubjectFull: Ultrasonic testing
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      – SubjectFull: Modular construction
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      – SubjectFull: Ground penetrating radar
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      – SubjectFull: Debonding
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      – SubjectFull: Thermography
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      – TitleFull: Evaluation of non-destructive testing methods for concrete defects in connection components of modular integrated construction.
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              Text: Oct2026
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              Y: 2026
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