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Escape from the cell: Spatially explicit modelling with and without grids

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Title: Escape from the cell: Spatially explicit modelling with and without grids
Authors: Bithell, M.1 Mike.Bithell@geog.cam.ac.uk, Macmillan, W.D.2 B.Macmillan@uea.ac.uk
Source: Ecological Modelling. Jan2007, Vol. 200 Issue 1/2, p59-78. 20p.
Subjects: Herbivores, Animal populations, Spacial distribution, Cellular automata
Abstract: Abstract: This paper is concerned with the representation of individuals embedded in a two- (or three-) dimensional environment, and with the techniques that can be used to simulate the evolution of the spatial patterns both of the populations of those individuals and of their environment. Its scope is therefore that of individual based or agent based modelling, of a general type, including herbivore populations, predator-prey models or any other type that is concerned with the spatial patterning evolving from recruitment, interaction and/or movement of discrete individuals. The aim is to discuss a modelling technique that allows more flexibility in the representation of the positions of individuals than is typically the case for cellular automata (CA), but which also deals efficiently with the problem of searching for neighbours when individual positions can vary nearly continuously. A scaling problem is discussed that arises when the range over which individuals interact is much smaller than the size of the domain. It is argued that validation of CA models involving discrete individuals is made more difficult when the system scale exceeds the size of individuals by a large factor. However, even when the domain size is small, if interaction between individuals is mediated by their size, imposition of a fixed grid upon the dynamics may cause important phenomena to be misrepresented or missed altogether. We suggest that cellular automata, as usually formulated, do not deal adequately with this type of problem, and introduce a particle-in-cell (PIC) method to deal with it in intermediate cases. Alternative data structures are discussed for dealing with more extreme cases, including the possibility of modelling an indefinitely large domain using a changing set of cells (PIC:SI). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Ecological Modelling is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 23282442
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Escape from the cell: Spatially explicit modelling with and without grids
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bithell%2C+M%2E%22">Bithell, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> Mike.Bithell@geog.cam.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Macmillan%2C+W%2ED%2E%22">Macmillan, W.D.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> B.Macmillan@uea.ac.uk</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ecological+Modelling%22">Ecological Modelling</searchLink>. Jan2007, Vol. 200 Issue 1/2, p59-78. 20p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Herbivores%22">Herbivores</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Animal+populations%22">Animal populations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spacial+distribution%22">Spacial distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cellular+automata%22">Cellular automata</searchLink>
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  Data: Abstract: This paper is concerned with the representation of individuals embedded in a two- (or three-) dimensional environment, and with the techniques that can be used to simulate the evolution of the spatial patterns both of the populations of those individuals and of their environment. Its scope is therefore that of individual based or agent based modelling, of a general type, including herbivore populations, predator-prey models or any other type that is concerned with the spatial patterning evolving from recruitment, interaction and/or movement of discrete individuals. The aim is to discuss a modelling technique that allows more flexibility in the representation of the positions of individuals than is typically the case for cellular automata (CA), but which also deals efficiently with the problem of searching for neighbours when individual positions can vary nearly continuously. A scaling problem is discussed that arises when the range over which individuals interact is much smaller than the size of the domain. It is argued that validation of CA models involving discrete individuals is made more difficult when the system scale exceeds the size of individuals by a large factor. However, even when the domain size is small, if interaction between individuals is mediated by their size, imposition of a fixed grid upon the dynamics may cause important phenomena to be misrepresented or missed altogether. We suggest that cellular automata, as usually formulated, do not deal adequately with this type of problem, and introduce a particle-in-cell (PIC) method to deal with it in intermediate cases. Alternative data structures are discussed for dealing with more extreme cases, including the possibility of modelling an indefinitely large domain using a changing set of cells (PIC:SI). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Ecological Modelling is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.07.031
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 20
        StartPage: 59
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      – SubjectFull: Herbivores
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Animal populations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spacial distribution
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      – SubjectFull: Cellular automata
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      – TitleFull: Escape from the cell: Spatially explicit modelling with and without grids
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              Text: Jan2007
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