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A simplified method for estimation of jarosite and acid-forming sulfates in acid mine wastes

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Title: A simplified method for estimation of jarosite and acid-forming sulfates in acid mine wastes
Authors: Li, Jun1 Jun.Li@unisa.edu.au, Smart, Roger St.C.1, Schumann, Russell C.2, Gerson, Andrea R.1, Levay, George2
Source: Science of the Total Environment. Feb2007, Vol. 373 Issue 1, p391-403. 13p.
Subjects: Sulfur in soils, Acid sulfate soils, Jarosite, Site-specific mutagenesis, Sulfate minerals, Pyrites
Abstract: In acid base accounting (ABA) estimates of acid mine wastes, the acid potential (AP) estimate can be improved by using the net carbonate value (NCV) reactive sulfide S method rather than total S assay methods but this does not give recovery of potentially acid producing ferrous and ferric sulfates present in many wastes. For more accurate estimation of AP, an effective, site-specific method to quantify acid sulfate salts, such as jarosite and melanterite, in waste rocks has been developed and tested on synthetic and real wastes. The SPOCAS (acid sulfate soils) methods have been modified to an effective, rapid method to speciate sulfate forms in different synthetic waste samples. A three-step sequential extraction procedure has been established. These steps are: (1) argon-purged water extraction (3 min) to extract soluble Fe(II) salts (particularly melanterite), epsomite and gypsum (<10 wt.%), (2) roasting at 550 °C (1 h) to remove sulfur from pyrite and other reactive sulfides, (3) HCl extraction (4 M, 30 min) for determination of jarosites. Products (solid and aqueous) have been characterized at each step including the jarosite decomposition process in Step 2 where temperature control is critical to avoid S loss. The sequential extraction procedure was used to quantitatively determine melanterite, epsomite, gypsum, pyrite and jarosite concentrations in a synthetic waste sample containing these mineral phases at 5 wt.% in quartz, and also tested using a tailings waste sample to quantitatively determine epsomite, gypsum and jarosite contents. The method is applicable to most waste samples including those with non-pyrite sulfides but for samples containing significant amounts of sulfur (>1 wt.% S) as copper sulfides, the second step of roasting needs to be excluded from the procedure with an increased time of 4 M HCl extraction to 16 h for jarosite determination. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Science of the Total Environment is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: A simplified method for estimation of jarosite and acid-forming sulfates in acid mine wastes
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Li%2C+Jun%22&quot;&gt;Li, Jun&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;i&gt; Jun.Li@unisa.edu.au&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Smart%2C+Roger+St%2EC%2E%22&quot;&gt;Smart, Roger St.C.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Schumann%2C+Russell+C%2E%22&quot;&gt;Schumann, Russell C.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Gerson%2C+Andrea+R%2E%22&quot;&gt;Gerson, Andrea R.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Levay%2C+George%22&quot;&gt;Levay, George&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt;
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Science+of+the+Total+Environment%22&quot;&gt;Science of the Total Environment&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Feb2007, Vol. 373 Issue 1, p391-403. 13p.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Sulfur+in+soils%22&quot;&gt;Sulfur in soils&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Acid+sulfate+soils%22&quot;&gt;Acid sulfate soils&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Jarosite%22&quot;&gt;Jarosite&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Site-specific+mutagenesis%22&quot;&gt;Site-specific mutagenesis&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Sulfate+minerals%22&quot;&gt;Sulfate minerals&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Pyrites%22&quot;&gt;Pyrites&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: In acid base accounting (ABA) estimates of acid mine wastes, the acid potential (AP) estimate can be improved by using the net carbonate value (NCV) reactive sulfide S method rather than total S assay methods but this does not give recovery of potentially acid producing ferrous and ferric sulfates present in many wastes. For more accurate estimation of AP, an effective, site-specific method to quantify acid sulfate salts, such as jarosite and melanterite, in waste rocks has been developed and tested on synthetic and real wastes. The SPOCAS (acid sulfate soils) methods have been modified to an effective, rapid method to speciate sulfate forms in different synthetic waste samples. A three-step sequential extraction procedure has been established. These steps are: (1) argon-purged water extraction (3&#160;min) to extract soluble Fe(II) salts (particularly melanterite), epsomite and gypsum (&lt;10&#160;wt.%), (2) roasting at 550&#160;&#176;C (1&#160;h) to remove sulfur from pyrite and other reactive sulfides, (3) HCl extraction (4&#160;M, 30&#160;min) for determination of jarosites. Products (solid and aqueous) have been characterized at each step including the jarosite decomposition process in Step 2 where temperature control is critical to avoid S loss. The sequential extraction procedure was used to quantitatively determine melanterite, epsomite, gypsum, pyrite and jarosite concentrations in a synthetic waste sample containing these mineral phases at 5&#160;wt.% in quartz, and also tested using a tailings waste sample to quantitatively determine epsomite, gypsum and jarosite contents. The method is applicable to most waste samples including those with non-pyrite sulfides but for samples containing significant amounts of sulfur (&gt;1&#160;wt.% S) as copper sulfides, the second step of roasting needs to be excluded from the procedure with an increased time of 4&#160;M HCl extraction to 16&#160;h for jarosite determination. [Copyright &amp;y&amp; Elsevier]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Science of the Total Environment is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.11.012
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 391
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Sulfur in soils
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Acid sulfate soils
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Jarosite
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Site-specific mutagenesis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sulfate minerals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pyrites
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: A simplified method for estimation of jarosite and acid-forming sulfates in acid mine wastes
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            NameFull: Li, Jun
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            NameFull: Smart, Roger St.C.
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            NameFull: Schumann, Russell C.
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            NameFull: Gerson, Andrea R.
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            NameFull: Levay, George
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              M: 02
              Text: Feb2007
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              Y: 2007
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