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The mutagenic hazards of environmental PM2.5 in Turin

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Title: The mutagenic hazards of environmental PM2.5 in Turin
Authors: Gilli, G.1 Giorgio.gilli@unito.it, Pignata, C.1, Schilirò, T.1, Bono, R.1, La Rosa, A.2 dip.grugliasco@arpa.piemonte.it, Traversi, D.1 deborah.traversi@unito.it
Source: Environmental Research. Feb2007, Vol. 103 Issue 2, p168-175. 8p.
Subjects: Particulate matter, Mutagenicity testing, Air pollution, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Organic compounds, Salmonella typhimurium
Geographic Terms: Turin (Italy), Italy
Abstract: Owing to the large number of natural and anthropogenic sources, particulate matter (PM) may present several physical and chemical patterns in different areas. The finer PM2. 5 fraction, which is now widely but not routinely measured in Europe, is considered to be the alveolar fraction of the ambient particles. Annual and winter mean concentrations of PM2. 5 substantially vary in Europe, with higher concentrations in the South. The aims of this work were to (a) measure the PM2. 5 levels in Turin over a long period, (b) evaluate mutagenic activities of organic extracts containing this collected complex mixture using the Ames test and (c) determine the level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in order to identify important mutagens in ambient air. Sampling was carried out from November 2001 to December 2004. The monthly mean of PM2. 5 was 48. 76±24. 12μg/m3. From the beginning to the end of the sample period there was a decrease in gravimetric levels, with annual means of 54. 10±29. 77μg/m3 in 2002; 42. 48±15. 73μg/m3 in 2003 and 45. 89±24. 92μg/m3 in 2004. Samples were tested for mutagenicity using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100, with and without S9 mix metabolic activation. A positive genotoxic response was observed for TA98, with and without metabolic activation. The measured PAHs monthly mean level was 8. 24±6. 30ng/m3, with values ranging from 0. 20 to 21. 38ng/m3. Seasonal variation of gravimetric, mutagenic and PAH values was significant. The Salmonella assay results statistically correlated to PM2. 5 and PAHs levels, but sometimes the mutagenic potencies were rather different despite an equal concentration of pollutant. The results confirm the usefulness of this biological approach to detect genotoxic properties of sampled PM2. 5 and they show the variability of the mutagenic properties of the airborne mixture over time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Environmental Research is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: The mutagenic hazards of environmental PM2.5 in Turin
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gilli%2C+G%2E%22">Gilli, G.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> Giorgio.gilli@unito.it</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pignata%2C+C%2E%22">Pignata, C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schilirò%2C+T%2E%22">Schilirò, T.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bono%2C+R%2E%22">Bono, R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22La+Rosa%2C+A%2E%22">La Rosa, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> dip.grugliasco@arpa.piemonte.it</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Traversi%2C+D%2E%22">Traversi, D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> deborah.traversi@unito.it</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Research%22">Environmental Research</searchLink>. Feb2007, Vol. 103 Issue 2, p168-175. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Particulate+matter%22">Particulate matter</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mutagenicity+testing%22">Mutagenicity testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Air+pollution%22">Air pollution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons%22">Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Organic+compounds%22">Organic compounds</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Salmonella+typhimurium%22">Salmonella typhimurium</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Turin+%28Italy%29%22">Turin (Italy)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Italy%22">Italy</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Owing to the large number of natural and anthropogenic sources, particulate matter (PM) may present several physical and chemical patterns in different areas. The finer PM2. 5 fraction, which is now widely but not routinely measured in Europe, is considered to be the alveolar fraction of the ambient particles. Annual and winter mean concentrations of PM2. 5 substantially vary in Europe, with higher concentrations in the South. The aims of this work were to (a) measure the PM2. 5 levels in Turin over a long period, (b) evaluate mutagenic activities of organic extracts containing this collected complex mixture using the Ames test and (c) determine the level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in order to identify important mutagens in ambient air. Sampling was carried out from November 2001 to December 2004. The monthly mean of PM2. 5 was 48. 76±24. 12μg/m3. From the beginning to the end of the sample period there was a decrease in gravimetric levels, with annual means of 54. 10±29. 77μg/m3 in 2002; 42. 48±15. 73μg/m3 in 2003 and 45. 89±24. 92μg/m3 in 2004. Samples were tested for mutagenicity using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100, with and without S9 mix metabolic activation. A positive genotoxic response was observed for TA98, with and without metabolic activation. The measured PAHs monthly mean level was 8. 24±6. 30ng/m3, with values ranging from 0. 20 to 21. 38ng/m3. Seasonal variation of gravimetric, mutagenic and PAH values was significant. The Salmonella assay results statistically correlated to PM2. 5 and PAHs levels, but sometimes the mutagenic potencies were rather different despite an equal concentration of pollutant. The results confirm the usefulness of this biological approach to detect genotoxic properties of sampled PM2. 5 and they show the variability of the mutagenic properties of the airborne mixture over time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Research is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.envres.2006.08.006
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 168
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Particulate matter
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mutagenicity testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Air pollution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
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      – SubjectFull: Organic compounds
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      – SubjectFull: Salmonella typhimurium
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      – SubjectFull: Turin (Italy)
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      – SubjectFull: Italy
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      – TitleFull: The mutagenic hazards of environmental PM2.5 in Turin
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              Text: Feb2007
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              Y: 2007
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