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The role of quadratus lumborum asymmetry in the occurrence of lesions in the lumbar vertebrae of cricket fast bowlers

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Title: The role of quadratus lumborum asymmetry in the occurrence of lesions in the lumbar vertebrae of cricket fast bowlers
Authors: de Visser, Hans1 h.devisser@qut.edu.au, Adam, Clayton J.1, Crozier, Stuart2, Pearcy, Mark J.1
Source: Medical Engineering & Physics. Oct2007, Vol. 29 Issue 8, p877-885. 9p.
Subjects: Finite element method, Forcing (Model theory), Lumbosacral region, Stress fractures (Orthopedics)
Abstract: Abstract: In cricket fast bowlers an increased incidence of stress fractures or lesions in the L4 pars interarticularis is observed, which shows a strong statistical correlation with the presence of hypertrophy in the contralateral Quadratus Lumborum (QL) muscle. This study aims to find a physical explanation for this correlation. A mathematical model was used to estimate the forces and moments on the L3 and L4 vertebrae in six postures attained during fast bowling. These forces and moments were used in finite element models to estimate the stresses in the pars interarticularis. Two scenarios were examined per posture: symmetric QL muscles, and right QL muscle volume 30% enlarged. Influence of muscle activation was also investigated. QL asymmetry only correlates with significant stress increases when stress levels are relatively low. When stress levels are high, due to extreme posture or muscle activation, asymmetry only causes small stress changes, suggesting that asymmetry is not the cause of stress fractures in the pars. There are even indications that asymmetry might help to reduce stresses, but more detailed knowledge of the size and activation of the lumbar muscles is needed to confirm this. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Medical Engineering & Physics is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 25412445
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: The role of quadratus lumborum asymmetry in the occurrence of lesions in the lumbar vertebrae of cricket fast bowlers
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22de+Visser%2C+Hans%22">de Visser, Hans</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> h.devisser@qut.edu.au</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adam%2C+Clayton+J%2E%22">Adam, Clayton J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Crozier%2C+Stuart%22">Crozier, Stuart</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pearcy%2C+Mark+J%2E%22">Pearcy, Mark J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Medical+Engineering+%26+Physics%22">Medical Engineering & Physics</searchLink>. Oct2007, Vol. 29 Issue 8, p877-885. 9p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Finite+element+method%22">Finite element method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forcing+%28Model+theory%29%22">Forcing (Model theory)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lumbosacral+region%22">Lumbosacral region</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stress+fractures+%28Orthopedics%29%22">Stress fractures (Orthopedics)</searchLink>
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  Group: Ab
  Data: Abstract: In cricket fast bowlers an increased incidence of stress fractures or lesions in the L4 pars interarticularis is observed, which shows a strong statistical correlation with the presence of hypertrophy in the contralateral Quadratus Lumborum (QL) muscle. This study aims to find a physical explanation for this correlation. A mathematical model was used to estimate the forces and moments on the L3 and L4 vertebrae in six postures attained during fast bowling. These forces and moments were used in finite element models to estimate the stresses in the pars interarticularis. Two scenarios were examined per posture: symmetric QL muscles, and right QL muscle volume 30% enlarged. Influence of muscle activation was also investigated. QL asymmetry only correlates with significant stress increases when stress levels are relatively low. When stress levels are high, due to extreme posture or muscle activation, asymmetry only causes small stress changes, suggesting that asymmetry is not the cause of stress fractures in the pars. There are even indications that asymmetry might help to reduce stresses, but more detailed knowledge of the size and activation of the lumbar muscles is needed to confirm this. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Medical Engineering & Physics is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2006.09.010
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 9
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Finite element method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Forcing (Model theory)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lumbosacral region
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      – SubjectFull: Stress fractures (Orthopedics)
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      – TitleFull: The role of quadratus lumborum asymmetry in the occurrence of lesions in the lumbar vertebrae of cricket fast bowlers
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              M: 10
              Text: Oct2007
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              Y: 2007
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