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Nitrate in aquifers beneath agricultural systems.

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Title: Nitrate in aquifers beneath agricultural systems.
Authors: Burkart, M. R.1 mburkart@iastate.edu, Stoner, J. D.2
Source: Water Science & Technology. 2007, Vol. 56 Issue 1, p59-69. 11p. 8 Graphs, 1 Map.
Subjects: Water quality management, Nitrates & the environment, Agriculture, Aquifers, Hydrogeology, Groundwater, Farm management, Geological Survey (U.S.)
Geographic Terms: United States
Abstract: Research from several regions of the world provides spatially anecdotal evidence to hypothesize which hydrologic and agricultural factors contribute to groundwater vulnerability to nitrate contamination. Analysis of nationally consistent measurements from the U.S. Geological Survey's NAWQA program confirms these hypotheses for a substantial range of agricultural systems. Shallow unconfined aquifers are most susceptible to nitrate contamination associated with agricultural systems. Alluvial and other unconsolidated aquifers are the most vulnerable and also shallow carbonate aquifers that provide a substantial but smaller contamination risk. Where any of these aquifers are overlain by permeable soils the risk of contamination is larger. Irrigated systems can compound this vulnerability by increasing leaching facilitated by additional recharge and additional nutrient applications. The system of corn, soybean, and hogs produced significantly larger concentrations of groundwater nitrate than all other agricultural systems because this system imports the largest amount of N-fertilizer per unit production area. Mean nitrate under dairy, poultry, horticulture, and cattle and grains systems were similar. If trends in the relation between increased fertilizer use and groundwater nitrate in the United States are repeated in other regions of the world, Asia may experience increasing problems because of recent increases in fertilizer use. Groundwater monitoring in Western and Eastern Europe as well as Russia over the next decade may provide data to determine if the trend in increased nitrate contamination can be reversed. If the concentrated livestock trend in the United States is global, it may be accompanied by increasing nitrogen contamination in groundwater. Concentrated livestock provide both point sources in the confinement area and intense non-point sources as fields close to facilities are used for manure disposal. Regions where irrigated cropland is expanding, such as in Asia, may experience the greatest impact of this practice on groundwater nitrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Water Science & Technology is the property of IWA Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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  Data: Nitrate in aquifers beneath agricultural systems.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Water+Science+%26+Technology%22">Water Science & Technology</searchLink>. 2007, Vol. 56 Issue 1, p59-69. 11p. 8 Graphs, 1 Map.
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  Data: Research from several regions of the world provides spatially anecdotal evidence to hypothesize which hydrologic and agricultural factors contribute to groundwater vulnerability to nitrate contamination. Analysis of nationally consistent measurements from the U.S. Geological Survey's NAWQA program confirms these hypotheses for a substantial range of agricultural systems. Shallow unconfined aquifers are most susceptible to nitrate contamination associated with agricultural systems. Alluvial and other unconsolidated aquifers are the most vulnerable and also shallow carbonate aquifers that provide a substantial but smaller contamination risk. Where any of these aquifers are overlain by permeable soils the risk of contamination is larger. Irrigated systems can compound this vulnerability by increasing leaching facilitated by additional recharge and additional nutrient applications. The system of corn, soybean, and hogs produced significantly larger concentrations of groundwater nitrate than all other agricultural systems because this system imports the largest amount of N-fertilizer per unit production area. Mean nitrate under dairy, poultry, horticulture, and cattle and grains systems were similar. If trends in the relation between increased fertilizer use and groundwater nitrate in the United States are repeated in other regions of the world, Asia may experience increasing problems because of recent increases in fertilizer use. Groundwater monitoring in Western and Eastern Europe as well as Russia over the next decade may provide data to determine if the trend in increased nitrate contamination can be reversed. If the concentrated livestock trend in the United States is global, it may be accompanied by increasing nitrogen contamination in groundwater. Concentrated livestock provide both point sources in the confinement area and intense non-point sources as fields close to facilities are used for manure disposal. Regions where irrigated cropland is expanding, such as in Asia, may experience the greatest impact of this practice on groundwater nitrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Water Science & Technology is the property of IWA Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.2166/wst.2007.436
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 59
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Water quality management
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nitrates & the environment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Agriculture
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aquifers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrogeology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Groundwater
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Farm management
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Geological Survey (U.S.)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: United States
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      – TitleFull: Nitrate in aquifers beneath agricultural systems.
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              Text: 2007
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