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Diffuse release of environmental hazards by railways

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Title: Diffuse release of environmental hazards by railways
Authors: Burkhardt, Michael1 michael.burkhardt@eawag.ch, Rossi, Luca1,2, Boller, Markus1
Source: Desalination. Jun2008, Vol. 226 Issue 1-3, p106-113. 8p.
Subjects: Pollution, Railroads, Hazards, Hydrocarbons
Abstract: Abstract: There is increasing concern about environmental pollution by diffuse emissions of various environmental hazards emitted by transportation activities. For the first time substances released by railways to the environment were investigated. We considered the significant sources and the amounts emitted by regular operation within the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) network (7200 km tracks). The main substances are about 2270 t y−1 metals, 1357 t y−1 hydrocarbons and 3.9 t y−1 herbicides. Most of the released metals are particles emitted by friction processes with iron, followed by copper, zinc, manganese, chromium, nickel, vanadium and lead. Only a small amount of metals is expected to be leached in dissolved phase. The emission of hydrocarbons may be diffusive (e.g. operational losses) or at point-sources (e.g. track-switch). The wooden sleepers seem to be the most important sources of hydrocarbons, followed by lubricants from track-switches and wheel flanges. The emissions reflect a spatial and temporal exposure pattern. The assessment is valuable for regulatory authorities working on soil and water protection as well as for railway companies determining their necessity of water and soil protection measures. Based on the results, selected studies may establish an understanding on relevant processes and environmental risk of railway imissions to soil, drainage water and groundwater. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Desalination is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Desalination%22">Desalination</searchLink>. Jun2008, Vol. 226 Issue 1-3, p106-113. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pollution%22">Pollution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Railroads%22">Railroads</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hazards%22">Hazards</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrocarbons%22">Hydrocarbons</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Abstract: There is increasing concern about environmental pollution by diffuse emissions of various environmental hazards emitted by transportation activities. For the first time substances released by railways to the environment were investigated. We considered the significant sources and the amounts emitted by regular operation within the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) network (7200 km tracks). The main substances are about 2270 t y−1 metals, 1357 t y−1 hydrocarbons and 3.9 t y−1 herbicides. Most of the released metals are particles emitted by friction processes with iron, followed by copper, zinc, manganese, chromium, nickel, vanadium and lead. Only a small amount of metals is expected to be leached in dissolved phase. The emission of hydrocarbons may be diffusive (e.g. operational losses) or at point-sources (e.g. track-switch). The wooden sleepers seem to be the most important sources of hydrocarbons, followed by lubricants from track-switches and wheel flanges. The emissions reflect a spatial and temporal exposure pattern. The assessment is valuable for regulatory authorities working on soil and water protection as well as for railway companies determining their necessity of water and soil protection measures. Based on the results, selected studies may establish an understanding on relevant processes and environmental risk of railway imissions to soil, drainage water and groundwater. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Desalination is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.desal.2007.02.102
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 8
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Railroads
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hazards
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      – SubjectFull: Hydrocarbons
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      – TitleFull: Diffuse release of environmental hazards by railways
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              Text: Jun2008
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