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Natural radioactivity measurements in building materials in Southern Lebanon

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Title: Natural radioactivity measurements in building materials in Southern Lebanon
Authors: Kobeissi, M.A.1, El Samad, O.1, Zahraman, K.1, Milky, S.2, Bahsoun, F.2, Abumurad, K.M.3 abumurad@yu.edu.jo
Source: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. Aug2008, Vol. 99 Issue 8, p1279-1288. 10p.
Subjects: Sulfate minerals, Cement, Noble gases
Geographic Terms: Lebanon
Abstract: Abstract: Using γ-spectroscopy and CR-39 detector, concentration C of naturally occurring radioactive nuclides 226Ra, 222Rn, 214Bi, 228Ac, 212Pb, 212Bi and 40K, has been measured in sand, cement, gravel, gypsum, and paint, which are used as building materials in Lebanon. Sand samples were collected from 10 different sandbank locations in the southern part of the country. Gravel samples of different types and forms were collected from several quarries. White and gray cement fabricated by Shaka Co. were obtained. γ-Spectroscopy measurements in sand gave Ra concentration ranging from 4.2±0.4 to 60.8±2.2Bqkg−1 and Ra concentration equivalents from 8.8±1.0 to 74.3±9.2Bqkg−1. The highest Ra concentration was in gray and white cement having the values 73.2±3.0 and 76.3±3.0Bqkg−1, respectively. Gravel results showed Ra concentration between 20.2±1.0 and 31.7±1.4Bqkg−1 with an average of 27.5±1.3Bqkg−1. Radon concentration in paint was determined by CR-39 detector. In sand, the average 222Rn concentration ranged between 291±69 and 1774±339Bqm−3 among the sandbanks with a total average value of 704±139Bqm−3. For gravel, the range was found to be from 52±9 to 3077±370Bqm−3 with an average value of 608±85Bqm−3. Aerial and mass exhalation rates of 222Rn were also calculated and found to be between 44±7 and 2226±267mBqm−2 h−1, and between 0.40±0.07 and 20.0±0.3mBqkg−1 h−1, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Journal of Environmental Radioactivity is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Natural radioactivity measurements in building materials in Southern Lebanon
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kobeissi%2C+M%2EA%2E%22">Kobeissi, M.A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22El+Samad%2C+O%2E%22">El Samad, O.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zahraman%2C+K%2E%22">Zahraman, K.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Milky%2C+S%2E%22">Milky, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bahsoun%2C+F%2E%22">Bahsoun, F.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abumurad%2C+K%2EM%2E%22">Abumurad, K.M.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><i> abumurad@yu.edu.jo</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Environmental+Radioactivity%22">Journal of Environmental Radioactivity</searchLink>. Aug2008, Vol. 99 Issue 8, p1279-1288. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sulfate+minerals%22">Sulfate minerals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cement%22">Cement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Noble+gases%22">Noble gases</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lebanon%22">Lebanon</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Abstract: Using γ-spectroscopy and CR-39 detector, concentration C of naturally occurring radioactive nuclides 226Ra, 222Rn, 214Bi, 228Ac, 212Pb, 212Bi and 40K, has been measured in sand, cement, gravel, gypsum, and paint, which are used as building materials in Lebanon. Sand samples were collected from 10 different sandbank locations in the southern part of the country. Gravel samples of different types and forms were collected from several quarries. White and gray cement fabricated by Shaka Co. were obtained. γ-Spectroscopy measurements in sand gave Ra concentration ranging from 4.2±0.4 to 60.8±2.2Bqkg−1 and Ra concentration equivalents from 8.8±1.0 to 74.3±9.2Bqkg−1. The highest Ra concentration was in gray and white cement having the values 73.2±3.0 and 76.3±3.0Bqkg−1, respectively. Gravel results showed Ra concentration between 20.2±1.0 and 31.7±1.4Bqkg−1 with an average of 27.5±1.3Bqkg−1. Radon concentration in paint was determined by CR-39 detector. In sand, the average 222Rn concentration ranged between 291±69 and 1774±339Bqm−3 among the sandbanks with a total average value of 704±139Bqm−3. For gravel, the range was found to be from 52±9 to 3077±370Bqm−3 with an average value of 608±85Bqm−3. Aerial and mass exhalation rates of 222Rn were also calculated and found to be between 44±7 and 2226±267mBqm−2 h−1, and between 0.40±0.07 and 20.0±0.3mBqkg−1 h−1, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Environmental Radioactivity is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2008.03.007
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 1279
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      – SubjectFull: Sulfate minerals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Noble gases
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lebanon
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Natural radioactivity measurements in building materials in Southern Lebanon
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            NameFull: Milky, S.
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              Text: Aug2008
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              Y: 2008
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