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Substituting the postproduction treatment for bulk-heterojunction solar cells using chemical additives

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Title: Substituting the postproduction treatment for bulk-heterojunction solar cells using chemical additives
Authors: Pivrikas, Almantas almantas.pivrikas@jku.at, Stadler, Philipp1, Neugebauer, Helmut1, Sariciftci, Niyazi Serdar1
Source: Organic Electronics. Oct2008, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p775-782. 8p.
Subjects: Solar cells, Battery additives, Absorption, Thermal conductivity, Electron mobility, Organic electronics, Heterojunctions
Abstract: Abstract: Postproduction treatment of poly (3-alkylthiophene) based bulk-heterojunction solar cells is an important and required procedure in order to fabricate organic solar cells with highest power conversion efficiencies. Postproduction treatment, by means of annealing solar cells at elevated temperatures during which an external voltage is simultaneously applied, is not very suitable for large scale production schemes due to the need for well controlled environment and involvement of flexible substrates. A faster and easier method for improving the efficiency, like a simple addition of chemicals, would be highly desirable. We have studied the effect of alkyl thiol addition into bulk-heterojunction solar cells, based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) mixtures as reported first by Santa Barbara group [J. Peet, C. Soci, R.C. Coffin, T.Q. Nguyen, A. Mikhailovsky, D. Moses, G. C. Bazan, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 (2006) 252105, J. Peet, J.Y. Kim, N.E. Coates, W.L. Ma, D. Moses, A.J. Heeger, G.C. Bazan, Nat. Mater. 6 (2007) 497], which gives the same final results in even higher performance of organic solar cells through increased power conversion efficiency and thus substitutes the postproduction treatment. Red-shift in optical absorption is seen in the films with alkyl thiol, resembling the absorption of thermally annealed films. Based on steady-state current–voltage characteristics and transient charge carrier extraction by linearly increasing voltage (CELIV) measurements, the conductivity of thermally annealed and films with alkyl thiol is found to be an order of magnitude higher than in films spun from pristine blends of P3HT and PCBM. Charge carrier mobility measurements indicate significant increase in carrier mobility, consistent with the improved structural order and formation of interpenetrating network between the donor and acceptor in the bulk-heterojunction solar cells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Organic Electronics is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Substituting the postproduction treatment for bulk-heterojunction solar cells using chemical additives
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pivrikas%2C+Almantas%22">Pivrikas, Almantas</searchLink><i> almantas.pivrikas@jku.at</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stadler%2C+Philipp%22">Stadler, Philipp</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Neugebauer%2C+Helmut%22">Neugebauer, Helmut</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sariciftci%2C+Niyazi+Serdar%22">Sariciftci, Niyazi Serdar</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Organic+Electronics%22">Organic Electronics</searchLink>. Oct2008, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p775-782. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+cells%22">Solar cells</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Battery+additives%22">Battery additives</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Absorption%22">Absorption</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+conductivity%22">Thermal conductivity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electron+mobility%22">Electron mobility</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Organic+electronics%22">Organic electronics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heterojunctions%22">Heterojunctions</searchLink>
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  Data: Abstract: Postproduction treatment of poly (3-alkylthiophene) based bulk-heterojunction solar cells is an important and required procedure in order to fabricate organic solar cells with highest power conversion efficiencies. Postproduction treatment, by means of annealing solar cells at elevated temperatures during which an external voltage is simultaneously applied, is not very suitable for large scale production schemes due to the need for well controlled environment and involvement of flexible substrates. A faster and easier method for improving the efficiency, like a simple addition of chemicals, would be highly desirable. We have studied the effect of alkyl thiol addition into bulk-heterojunction solar cells, based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) mixtures as reported first by Santa Barbara group [J. Peet, C. Soci, R.C. Coffin, T.Q. Nguyen, A. Mikhailovsky, D. Moses, G. C. Bazan, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 (2006) 252105, J. Peet, J.Y. Kim, N.E. Coates, W.L. Ma, D. Moses, A.J. Heeger, G.C. Bazan, Nat. Mater. 6 (2007) 497], which gives the same final results in even higher performance of organic solar cells through increased power conversion efficiency and thus substitutes the postproduction treatment. Red-shift in optical absorption is seen in the films with alkyl thiol, resembling the absorption of thermally annealed films. Based on steady-state current–voltage characteristics and transient charge carrier extraction by linearly increasing voltage (CELIV) measurements, the conductivity of thermally annealed and films with alkyl thiol is found to be an order of magnitude higher than in films spun from pristine blends of P3HT and PCBM. Charge carrier mobility measurements indicate significant increase in carrier mobility, consistent with the improved structural order and formation of interpenetrating network between the donor and acceptor in the bulk-heterojunction solar cells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Organic Electronics is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.orgel.2008.05.021
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 8
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Battery additives
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Absorption
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thermal conductivity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electron mobility
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      – SubjectFull: Organic electronics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heterojunctions
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Substituting the postproduction treatment for bulk-heterojunction solar cells using chemical additives
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            NameFull: Pivrikas, Almantas
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            NameFull: Stadler, Philipp
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            NameFull: Sariciftci, Niyazi Serdar
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              M: 10
              Text: Oct2008
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              Y: 2008
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